S0E627 · GA5_GIBF5
- ProteinGeranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 2
- GeneGGS2
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Amino acids393 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at transcript level
- Annotation score5/5
Function
function
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of gibberellins (GAs), diterpenoids that may provide a selective advantage during infection of the preferred host plant, rice (PubMed:10347043, PubMed:12750377, PubMed:15925394, PubMed:23825955, PubMed:9917370).
Gibberellins (GAs) are diterpenoids and are synthesized via the mevalonate pathway (PubMed:12750377).
Biosynthesis of the major metabolite GA3 (gibberellic acid) from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) requires 13 steps (PubMed:12750377).
The GGPP produced by the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase GGS2 is converted to ent-kaurene via ent-copalyldiphosphate in a two-step cyclization reaction performed by the bifunctional ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase/ent-kaurene synthase enzyme (CPS/KS) (PubMed:10803977, PubMed:12750377, PubMed:9745028).
Ent-Kaurene is metabolized to GAs by a series of oxidation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (PubMed:12750377, PubMed:9917370).
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase P450-4 is an ent-kaurene oxidase that catalyzes the three oxidation steps between ent-kaurene and ent-kaurenoic acid (PubMed:11472927).
The highly multifunctional cytochrome P450 monooxygenase P450-1 then catalyzes four steps involving oxidation at two carbon atoms, in the main pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to GA14 via GA12-aldehyde as well as producing kaurenolides and fujenoic acids as by-products (PubMed:11320210).
The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase P450-2 then converts GA14 to GA4 by removal of C-20 (PubMed:11943776).
GA4 is further converted to GA7 by the GA4 desaturase DES via 1,2-desaturation before cytochrome P450 monooxygenase P450-3, a 13-hydroxylase, hydroxylates GA7 to GA3, the final product of the GA-biosynthetic pathway (PubMed:12750377).
Gibberellins (GAs) are diterpenoids and are synthesized via the mevalonate pathway (PubMed:12750377).
Biosynthesis of the major metabolite GA3 (gibberellic acid) from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) requires 13 steps (PubMed:12750377).
The GGPP produced by the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase GGS2 is converted to ent-kaurene via ent-copalyldiphosphate in a two-step cyclization reaction performed by the bifunctional ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase/ent-kaurene synthase enzyme (CPS/KS) (PubMed:10803977, PubMed:12750377, PubMed:9745028).
Ent-Kaurene is metabolized to GAs by a series of oxidation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (PubMed:12750377, PubMed:9917370).
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase P450-4 is an ent-kaurene oxidase that catalyzes the three oxidation steps between ent-kaurene and ent-kaurenoic acid (PubMed:11472927).
The highly multifunctional cytochrome P450 monooxygenase P450-1 then catalyzes four steps involving oxidation at two carbon atoms, in the main pathway from ent-kaurenoic acid to GA14 via GA12-aldehyde as well as producing kaurenolides and fujenoic acids as by-products (PubMed:11320210).
The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase P450-2 then converts GA14 to GA4 by removal of C-20 (PubMed:11943776).
GA4 is further converted to GA7 by the GA4 desaturase DES via 1,2-desaturation before cytochrome P450 monooxygenase P450-3, a 13-hydroxylase, hydroxylates GA7 to GA3, the final product of the GA-biosynthetic pathway (PubMed:12750377).
Catalytic activity
- isopentenyl diphosphate + dimethylallyl diphosphate = (2E)-geranyl diphosphate + diphosphate
Cofactor
Note: Binds 3 Mg2+ ions per subunit.
Pathway
Plant hormone biosynthesis; gibberellin biosynthesis.
Features
Showing features for binding site.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Binding site | 109 | isopentenyl diphosphate (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 112 | isopentenyl diphosphate (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 141 | isopentenyl diphosphate (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 148 | Mg2+ 1 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 148 | Mg2+ 2 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 152 | Mg2+ 1 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 152 | Mg2+ 2 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 157 | dimethylallyl diphosphate (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 158 | isopentenyl diphosphate (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 235 | dimethylallyl diphosphate (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 236 | dimethylallyl diphosphate (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 275 | dimethylallyl diphosphate (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 278 | Mg2+ 3 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 282 | dimethylallyl diphosphate (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 292 | dimethylallyl diphosphate (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
Binding site | 302 | dimethylallyl diphosphate (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | |||
GO annotations
Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Molecular Function | dimethylallyltranstransferase activity | |
Molecular Function | farnesyltranstransferase activity | |
Molecular Function | geranyltranstransferase activity | |
Molecular Function | metal ion binding | |
Biological Process | alcohol biosynthetic process | |
Biological Process | gibberellin biosynthetic process | |
Biological Process | ketone biosynthetic process | |
Biological Process | mycotoxin biosynthetic process |
Keywords
- Molecular function
- Biological process
- Ligand
Enzyme and pathway databases
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameGeranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 2
- EC number
- Short namesGGPP synthase 2 ; GGPPSase 2 ; GGS2
- Alternative names
Gene names
Organism names
- Strain
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Fungi > Dikarya > Ascomycota > Pezizomycotina > Sordariomycetes > Hypocreomycetidae > Hypocreales > Nectriaceae > Fusarium > Fusarium fujikuroi species complex
Accessions
- Primary accessionS0E627
Proteomes
Organism-specific databases
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for chain.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chain | PRO_0000442045 | 1-393 | Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 2 | ||
Expression
Induction
Expression is induced under gibberellin-producing conditions (PubMed:9917370).
Interaction
Protein-protein interaction databases
Structure
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Length393
- Mass (Da)43,836
- Last updated2013-09-18 v1
- Checksum93C2D17169F1065C
Keywords
- Technical term
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
HF679027 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | CCT69172.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA |