Q9DGZ5 · Q9DGZ5_HBV

Function

function

Multifunctional protein that may modulate protein degradation pathways, apoptosis, transcription, signal transduction, cell cycle progress, and genetic stability by directly or indirectly interacting with host factors.
Multifunctional protein that plays a role in silencing host antiviral defenses and promoting viral transcription. Does not seem to be essential for HBV infection. May be directly involved in development of cirrhosis and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). Most of cytosolic activities involve modulation of cytosolic calcium. The effect on apoptosis is controversial depending on the cell types in which the studies have been conducted. May induce apoptosis by localizing in mitochondria and causing loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. May also modulate apoptosis by binding host CFLAR, a key regulator of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Promotes viral transcription by using the host E3 ubiquitin ligase DDB1 to target the SMC5-SMC6 complex to proteasomal degradation. This host complex would otherwise bind to viral episomal DNA, and prevents its transcription. Moderately stimulates transcription of many different viral and cellular transcription elements. Promoters and enhancers stimulated by HBx contain DNA binding sites for NF-kappa-B, AP-1, AP-2, c-EBP, ATF/CREB, or the calcium-activated factor NF-AT.

GO annotations

all annotationsall molecular functionvirus receptor activitydna bindingrna bindingcytoskeletal motor activitycatalytic activitygtpase activitystructural molecule activitytransporter activitycytoskeletal protein bindinglipid bindingcyclase activityantioxidant activityoxidoreductase activitytransferase activityhydrolase activitylyase activityisomerase activityligase activityprotein tag activitycargo receptor activityhistone bindingprotein folding chaperonetranslation regulator activitynutrient reservoir activityreceptor ligand activitymolecular transducer activitymolecular adaptor activitytoxin activitycell adhesion mediator activitymolecular function regulator activityvirus coreceptor activitycatalytic activity, acting on a proteincatalytic activity, acting on dnacatalytic activity, acting on rnamolecular carrier activitytranscription regulator activitygeneral transcription initiation factor activitymolecular sensor activitymolecular sequestering activityatp-dependent activityother molecular functionall biological processmitotic cell cyclecytokinesiscytoplasmic translationimmune system processmuscle system processcirculatory system processrenal system processrespiratory system processcarbohydrate metabolic processgeneration of precursor metabolites and energydna replicationdna repairdna recombinationchromatin organizationdna-templated transcriptionregulation of dna-templated transcriptiontrna metabolic processprotein foldingprotein glycosylationamino acid metabolic processmodified amino acid metabolic processlipid metabolic processvitamin metabolic processsulfur compound metabolic processintracellular protein transportnucleocytoplasmic transportautophagyinflammatory responsemitochondrion organizationcytoskeleton organizationmicrotubule-based movementperoxisome organizationlysosome organizationchromosome segregationcell adhesionestablishment or maintenance of cell polarityprogrammed cell deathphotosynthesismrna metabolic processsnrna metabolic processvesicle-mediated transportreproductive processdigestive system processsignalingcell differentiationprotein catabolic processextracellular matrix organizationregulatory ncrna-mediated gene silencingtelomere organizationcell junction organizationwound healingribosome biogenesiscilium organizationanatomical structure developmentcell motilitynervous system processendocrine processprotein maturationtransmembrane transportnucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic processhepaticobiliary system processmembrane organizationprotein-containing complex assemblycell wall organization or biogenesisnitrogen cycle metabolic processprotein localization to plasma membranedefense response to other organismdetoxificationmeiotic nuclear divisionmitotic nuclear divisionmitochondrial gene expressioncarbohydrate derivative metabolic processother biological processall cellular componentnuclear chromosomeextracellular regionextracellular spacecell wallnucleusnuclear envelopenucleoplasmchromosomenucleolusmitochondrionlysosomeendosomevacuoleperoxisomeendoplasmic reticulumgolgi apparatuslipid dropletmicrotubule organizing centercytosolribosomecytoskeletonplasma membraneciliumplastidthylakoidexternal encapsulating structureextracellular matrixcytoplasmic vesicleorganelleother cellular component
Cell color indicative of number of GO terms
AspectTerm
Cellular Componenthost cell mitochondrion
Cellular Componenthost cell nucleus
Biological Processapoptotic process
Biological ProcessDNA-templated transcription
Biological Processsymbiont-mediated activation of host NF-kappaB cascade
Biological Processsymbiont-mediated arrest of host cell cycle during G2/M transition
Biological Processviral genome replication

Keywords

Names & Taxonomy

Protein names

  • Recommended name
    Protein X
  • Alternative names
    • HBx
    • Peptide X
    • pX

Gene names

    • Name
      X

Organism names

Accessions

  • Primary accession
    Q9DGZ5

Proteomes

Subcellular Location

Host cytoplasm
Host nucleus
Host mitochondrion
Note: Mainly cytoplasmic as only a fraction is detected in the nucleus. In cytoplasm, a minor fraction associates with mitochondria or proteasomes.

Keywords

PTM/Processing

Post-translational modification

A fraction may be phosphorylated in insect cells and HepG2 cells, a human hepatoblastoma cell line. Phosphorylated in vitro by host protein kinase C or mitogen-activated protein kinase. N-acetylated in insect cells.

Interaction

Subunit

May form homodimer. May interact with host CEBPA, CFLAR, CREB1, DDB1, E4F1, HBXIP, HSPD1/HSP60, NFKBIA, POLR2E and SMAD4. Interacts with host SMC5-SMC6 complex and induces its degradation.

Family & Domains

Features

Showing features for region.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Region68-117Mitochondrial targeting sequence

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the orthohepadnavirus protein X family.

Family and domain databases

Sequence

  • Sequence status
    Complete
  • Length
    154
  • Mass (Da)
    16,516
  • Last updated
    2001-03-01 v1
  • Checksum
    A13D1D623218640D
MAARLCCQLDPARDVLCLRPVGAESCGRPLSGPLGDLPSSSSSAVPTVHGAHLSLRGLPVCAFSSAGPCALRFTSARRMETTVNAHLILPKVLHKRTLGLSAMSTTDLEAYFKDCVFKDWEELGEEIRLKVFVLGGCRHKLVCSPAPCNFFTSA

Sequence databases

Nucleotide SequenceProtein SequenceMolecule TypeStatus
AF241407
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
AAG17572.1
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
Genomic DNA
AF241408
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
AAG17579.1
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
Genomic DNA

Similar Proteins

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. Our staff consists of biologists and biochemists that are not trained to give medical advice.
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