Q93ZB2 · KO1_ARATH
- ProteinEnt-kaurene oxidase, chloroplastic
- GeneKO
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Amino acids509 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at protein level
- Annotation score5/5
Function
function
Catalyzes three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene giving kaurenoic acid, a key step in gibberellins (GAs) biosynthesis. GAs, which are involved many processes, including stem elongation, play a central role in plant development.
Catalytic activity
- ent-kaur-16-ene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]
Cofactor
Kinetics
KM | SUBSTRATE | pH | TEMPERATURE[C] | NOTES | EVIDENCE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.8 μM | ent-kaurene | |||||
6 μM | ent-kaurenol | |||||
1.9 μM | ent-kaurenal | |||||
10 μM | ent-isokaurene | |||||
28 μM | ent-beyerene |
Pathway
Plant hormone biosynthesis; gibberellin biosynthesis.
Features
Showing features for binding site.
GO annotations
Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Cellular Component | chloroplast outer membrane | |
Cellular Component | endoplasmic reticulum | |
Molecular Function | ent-kaur-16-en-19-al oxidase activity | |
Molecular Function | ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol oxidase activity | |
Molecular Function | ent-kaurene oxidase activity | |
Molecular Function | heme binding | |
Molecular Function | iron ion binding | |
Biological Process | ent-kaurene oxidation to kaurenoic acid | |
Biological Process | gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway | |
Biological Process | gibberellin biosynthetic process |
Keywords
- Molecular function
- Ligand
Enzyme and pathway databases
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameEnt-kaurene oxidase, chloroplastic
- EC number
- Short namesAtKO1
- Alternative names
Gene names
Organism names
- Strains
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Viridiplantae > Streptophyta > Embryophyta > Tracheophyta > Spermatophyta > Magnoliopsida > eudicotyledons > Gunneridae > Pentapetalae > rosids > malvids > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Camelineae > Arabidopsis
Accessions
- Primary accessionQ93ZB2
- Secondary accessions
Proteomes
Organism-specific databases
Genome annotation databases
Subcellular Location
UniProt Annotation
GO Annotation
Plastid, chloroplast outer membrane ; Single-pass membrane protein
Features
Showing features for topological domain, transmembrane.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topological domain | 1-2 | Chloroplast intermembrane | ||||
Sequence: MA | ||||||
Transmembrane | 3-23 | Helical | ||||
Sequence: FFSMISILLGFVISSFIFIFF | ||||||
Topological domain | 24-509 | Cytoplasmic | ||||
Sequence: FKKLLSFSRKNMSEVSTLPSVPVVPGFPVIGNLLQLKEKKPHKTFTRWSEIYGPIYSIKMGSSSLIVLNSTETAKEAMVTRFSSISTRKLSNALTVLTCDKSMVATSDYDDFHKLVKRCLLNGLLGANAQKRKRHYRDALIENVSSKLHAHARDHPQEPVNFRAIFEHELFGVALKQAFGKDVESIYVKELGVTLSKDEIFKVLVHDMMEGAIDVDWRDFFPYLKWIPNKSFEARIQQKHKRRLAVMNALIQDRLKQNGSESDDDCYLNFLMSEAKTLTKEQIAILVWETIIETADTTLVTTEWAIYELAKHPSVQDRLCKEIQNVCGGEKFKEEQLSQVPYLNGVFHETLRKYSPAPLVPIRYAHEDTQIGGYHVPAGSEIAINIYGCNMDKKRWERPEDWWPERFLDDGKYETSDLHKTMAFGAGKRVCAGALQASLMAGIAIGRLVQEFEWKLRDGEEENVDTYGLTSQKLYPLMAIINPRRS |
Keywords
- Cellular component
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for chain.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chain | PRO_0000052181 | 1-509 | Ent-kaurene oxidase, chloroplastic | |||
Sequence: MAFFSMISILLGFVISSFIFIFFFKKLLSFSRKNMSEVSTLPSVPVVPGFPVIGNLLQLKEKKPHKTFTRWSEIYGPIYSIKMGSSSLIVLNSTETAKEAMVTRFSSISTRKLSNALTVLTCDKSMVATSDYDDFHKLVKRCLLNGLLGANAQKRKRHYRDALIENVSSKLHAHARDHPQEPVNFRAIFEHELFGVALKQAFGKDVESIYVKELGVTLSKDEIFKVLVHDMMEGAIDVDWRDFFPYLKWIPNKSFEARIQQKHKRRLAVMNALIQDRLKQNGSESDDDCYLNFLMSEAKTLTKEQIAILVWETIIETADTTLVTTEWAIYELAKHPSVQDRLCKEIQNVCGGEKFKEEQLSQVPYLNGVFHETLRKYSPAPLVPIRYAHEDTQIGGYHVPAGSEIAINIYGCNMDKKRWERPEDWWPERFLDDGKYETSDLHKTMAFGAGKRVCAGALQASLMAGIAIGRLVQEFEWKLRDGEEENVDTYGLTSQKLYPLMAIINPRRS |
Proteomic databases
PTM databases
Expression
Tissue specificity
Widely expressed. Highly expressed in influorescence tissues. In germinating seeds, it is mainly localized in the cortex and endodermis of embryo axis.
Gene expression databases
Structure
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Length509
- Mass (Da)58,160
- Last updated2004-07-19 v2
- ChecksumA84F7E2C78F0E83F
Sequence caution
Features
Showing features for sequence conflict.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sequence conflict | 97 | in Ref. 1; AAC39507 | ||||
Sequence: A → G |
Keywords
- Technical term
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AF047719 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAC39505.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
AF047720 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAC39506.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
AF047721 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAC39507.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
AF149413 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAD40137.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
CP002688 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AED93499.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
AY057671 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAL15302.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | Frameshift |