Q6A2H4 · IL10_CHICK
- ProteinInterleukin-10
- GeneIL10
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Organism
- Amino acids175 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at transcript level
- Annotation score5/5
Function
function
Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Interferes also with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their ability to induce T cell activation (By similarity).
In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling (By similarity).
In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling (By similarity).
Miscellaneous
Chickens susceptible to E.maxima infection show higher constitutive and post-infection levels in spleen and higher post-infection levels in small intestine than infection-resistant animals.
GO annotations
all annotations | all molecular function | virus receptor activity | dna binding | rna binding | cytoskeletal motor activity | catalytic activity | gtpase activity | structural molecule activity | transporter activity | cytoskeletal protein binding | lipid binding | cyclase activity | antioxidant activity | oxidoreductase activity | transferase activity | hydrolase activity | lyase activity | isomerase activity | ligase activity | protein tag activity | cargo receptor activity | histone binding | protein folding chaperone | translation regulator activity | nutrient reservoir activity | receptor ligand activity | molecular transducer activity | molecular adaptor activity | toxin activity | cell adhesion mediator activity | molecular function regulator activity | virus coreceptor activity | catalytic activity, acting on a protein | catalytic activity, acting on dna | catalytic activity, acting on rna | molecular carrier activity | transcription regulator activity | general transcription initiation factor activity | molecular sensor activity | molecular sequestering activity | atp-dependent activity | other molecular function | all biological process | mitotic cell cycle | cytokinesis | cytoplasmic translation | immune system process | muscle system process | circulatory system process | renal system process | respiratory system process | carbohydrate metabolic process | generation of precursor metabolites and energy | dna replication | dna repair | dna recombination | chromatin organization | dna-templated transcription | regulation of dna-templated transcription | trna metabolic process | protein folding | protein glycosylation | amino acid metabolic process | modified amino acid metabolic process | lipid metabolic process | vitamin metabolic process | sulfur compound metabolic process | intracellular protein transport | nucleocytoplasmic transport | autophagy | inflammatory response | mitochondrion organization | cytoskeleton organization | microtubule-based movement | peroxisome organization | lysosome organization | chromosome segregation | cell adhesion | establishment or maintenance of cell polarity | programmed cell death | photosynthesis | mrna metabolic process | snrna metabolic process | vesicle-mediated transport | reproductive process | digestive system process | signaling | cell differentiation | protein catabolic process | extracellular matrix organization | regulatory ncrna-mediated gene silencing | telomere organization | cell junction organization | wound healing | ribosome biogenesis | cilium organization | anatomical structure development | cell motility | nervous system process | endocrine process | protein maturation | transmembrane transport | nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process | hepaticobiliary system process | membrane organization | protein-containing complex assembly | cell wall organization or biogenesis | nitrogen cycle metabolic process | protein localization to plasma membrane | defense response to other organism | detoxification | meiotic nuclear division | mitotic nuclear division | mitochondrial gene expression | carbohydrate derivative metabolic process | other biological process | all cellular component | nuclear chromosome | extracellular region | extracellular space | cell wall | nucleus | nuclear envelope | nucleoplasm | chromosome | nucleolus | mitochondrion | lysosome | endosome | vacuole | peroxisome | endoplasmic reticulum | golgi apparatus | lipid droplet | microtubule organizing center | cytosol | ribosome | cytoskeleton | plasma membrane | cilium | plastid | thylakoid | external encapsulating structure | extracellular matrix | cytoplasmic vesicle | organelle | other cellular component | |||
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Keywords
- Molecular function
Enzyme and pathway databases
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameInterleukin-10
- Short namesIL-10
Gene names
Organism names
- Organism
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Metazoa > Chordata > Craniata > Vertebrata > Euteleostomi > Archelosauria > Archosauria > Dinosauria > Saurischia > Theropoda > Coelurosauria > Aves > Neognathae > Galloanserae > Galliformes > Phasianidae > Phasianinae > Gallus
Accessions
- Primary accessionQ6A2H4
- Secondary accessions
Proteomes
Organism-specific databases
Subcellular Location
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for signal, chain, disulfide bond.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Signal | 1-21 | |||||
Sequence: MQTCCQALLLLLAACTLPAHC | ||||||
Chain | PRO_0000296319 | 22-175 | Interleukin-10 | |||
Sequence: LEPTCLHFSELLPARLRELRVKFEEIKDYFQSRDDELNIQLLSSELLDEFKGTFGCQSVSEMLRFYTDEVLPRAMQTSTSHQQSMGDLGNMLLGLKATMRRCHRFFTCEKRSKAIKQIKETFEKMDENGIYKAMGEFDIFINYIEEYLLMRRRK | ||||||
Disulfide bond | 26↔123 | |||||
Sequence: CLHFSELLPARLRELRVKFEEIKDYFQSRDDELNIQLLSSELLDEFKGTFGCQSVSEMLRFYTDEVLPRAMQTSTSHQQSMGDLGNMLLGLKATMRRC | ||||||
Disulfide bond | 77↔129 | |||||
Sequence: CQSVSEMLRFYTDEVLPRAMQTSTSHQQSMGDLGNMLLGLKATMRRCHRFFTC |
Keywords
- PTM
Proteomic databases
Expression
Tissue specificity
Expressed predominantly in bursa of Fabricius and cecal tonsils with low levels in thymus, liver and lung.
Induction
By lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in white blood cells, liver and spleen 3 hours after treatment. Decreases to basal levels 8 hours after treatment. By primary infection with E.acervulina and E.tenella.
Developmental stage
Expression is detected as early as embryonic day 12. Higher expression in spleen of post-hatch chickens than embryos. Gradual increase in expression in the spleen which peaks by day 7 post-hatch.
Gene expression databases
Interaction
Structure
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
- Length175
- Mass (Da)20,514
- Last updated2007-07-24 v2
- ChecksumB0966EBEAFDFB050
Features
Showing features for sequence conflict.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sequence conflict | 120 | in Ref. 1; CAF21727 | ||||
Sequence: M → I |
Keywords
- Technical term
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AJ621614 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | CAF21727.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
AJ621254 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | CAF18432.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
AY647438 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | - | mRNA | No translation available. |