Q6A2H4 · IL10_CHICK

Function

function

Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Interferes also with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their ability to induce T cell activation (By similarity).
In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling (By similarity).

Miscellaneous

Chickens susceptible to E.maxima infection show higher constitutive and post-infection levels in spleen and higher post-infection levels in small intestine than infection-resistant animals.

GO annotations

all annotationsall molecular functionvirus receptor activitydna bindingrna bindingcytoskeletal motor activitycatalytic activitygtpase activitystructural molecule activitytransporter activitycytoskeletal protein bindinglipid bindingcyclase activityantioxidant activityoxidoreductase activitytransferase activityhydrolase activitylyase activityisomerase activityligase activityprotein tag activitycargo receptor activityhistone bindingprotein folding chaperonetranslation regulator activitynutrient reservoir activityreceptor ligand activitymolecular transducer activitymolecular adaptor activitytoxin activitycell adhesion mediator activitymolecular function regulator activityvirus coreceptor activitycatalytic activity, acting on a proteincatalytic activity, acting on dnacatalytic activity, acting on rnamolecular carrier activitytranscription regulator activitygeneral transcription initiation factor activitymolecular sensor activitymolecular sequestering activityatp-dependent activityother molecular functionall biological processmitotic cell cyclecytokinesiscytoplasmic translationimmune system processmuscle system processcirculatory system processrenal system processrespiratory system processcarbohydrate metabolic processgeneration of precursor metabolites and energydna replicationdna repairdna recombinationchromatin organizationdna-templated transcriptionregulation of dna-templated transcriptiontrna metabolic processprotein foldingprotein glycosylationamino acid metabolic processmodified amino acid metabolic processlipid metabolic processvitamin metabolic processsulfur compound metabolic processintracellular protein transportnucleocytoplasmic transportautophagyinflammatory responsemitochondrion organizationcytoskeleton organizationmicrotubule-based movementperoxisome organizationlysosome organizationchromosome segregationcell adhesionestablishment or maintenance of cell polarityprogrammed cell deathphotosynthesismrna metabolic processsnrna metabolic processvesicle-mediated transportreproductive processdigestive system processsignalingcell differentiationprotein catabolic processextracellular matrix organizationregulatory ncrna-mediated gene silencingtelomere organizationcell junction organizationwound healingribosome biogenesiscilium organizationanatomical structure developmentcell motilitynervous system processendocrine processprotein maturationtransmembrane transportnucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic processhepaticobiliary system processmembrane organizationprotein-containing complex assemblycell wall organization or biogenesisnitrogen cycle metabolic processprotein localization to plasma membranedefense response to other organismdetoxificationmeiotic nuclear divisionmitotic nuclear divisionmitochondrial gene expressioncarbohydrate derivative metabolic processother biological processall cellular componentnuclear chromosomeextracellular regionextracellular spacecell wallnucleusnuclear envelopenucleoplasmchromosomenucleolusmitochondrionlysosomeendosomevacuoleperoxisomeendoplasmic reticulumgolgi apparatuslipid dropletmicrotubule organizing centercytosolribosomecytoskeletonplasma membraneciliumplastidthylakoidexternal encapsulating structureextracellular matrixcytoplasmic vesicleorganelleother cellular component
Cell color indicative of number of GO terms
AspectTerm
Cellular Componentextracellular region
Cellular Componentextracellular space
Molecular Functioncytokine activity
Molecular Functionprotein dimerization activity
Biological Processcellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus
Biological Processcellular response to lipopolysaccharide
Biological Processchronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Biological Processdefense response to bacterium
Biological Processdefense response to protozoan
Biological Processnegative regulation of autophagy
Biological Processnegative regulation of B cell proliferation
Biological Processnegative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
Biological Processnegative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
Biological Processnegative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process
Biological Processnegative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
Biological Processnegative regulation of interleukin-12 production
Biological Processnegative regulation of interleukin-6 production
Biological Processnegative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
Biological Processnegative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
Biological Processnegative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
Biological Processnegative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
Biological Processnegative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Biological Processnegative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
Biological Processnegative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
Biological Processnegative regulation of type II interferon production
Biological Processnegative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation
Biological Processpositive regulation of B cell apoptotic process
Biological Processpositive regulation of cell cycle
Biological Processpositive regulation of cytokine production
Biological Processpositive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
Biological Processpositive regulation of immunoglobulin production
Biological Processpositive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
Biological Processpositive regulation of miRNA transcription
Biological Processpositive regulation of plasma cell differentiation
Biological Processpositive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT
Biological Processpositive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis
Biological Processpositive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Biological Processregulation of response to wounding
Biological Processresponse to glucocorticoid

Keywords

Enzyme and pathway databases

Names & Taxonomy

Protein names

  • Recommended name
    Interleukin-10
  • Short names
    IL-10

Gene names

    • Name
      IL10

Organism names

  • Taxonomic identifier
  • Taxonomic lineage
    Eukaryota > Metazoa > Chordata > Craniata > Vertebrata > Euteleostomi > Archelosauria > Archosauria > Dinosauria > Saurischia > Theropoda > Coelurosauria > Aves > Neognathae > Galloanserae > Galliformes > Phasianidae > Phasianinae > Gallus

Accessions

  • Primary accession
    Q6A2H4
  • Secondary accessions
    • Q6A2H5

Proteomes

Organism-specific databases

Subcellular Location

Keywords

PTM/Processing

Features

Showing features for signal, chain, disulfide bond.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Signal1-21
ChainPRO_000029631922-175Interleukin-10
Disulfide bond26↔123
Disulfide bond77↔129

Keywords

Proteomic databases

Expression

Tissue specificity

Expressed predominantly in bursa of Fabricius and cecal tonsils with low levels in thymus, liver and lung.

Induction

By lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in white blood cells, liver and spleen 3 hours after treatment. Decreases to basal levels 8 hours after treatment. By primary infection with E.acervulina and E.tenella.

Developmental stage

Expression is detected as early as embryonic day 12. Higher expression in spleen of post-hatch chickens than embryos. Gradual increase in expression in the spleen which peaks by day 7 post-hatch.

Gene expression databases

Interaction

Subunit

Homodimer. Interacts with IL10RA and IL10RB.

Protein-protein interaction databases

Structure

Family & Domains

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the IL-10 family.

Keywords

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Sequence

  • Sequence status
    Complete
  • Sequence processing
    The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
  • Length
    175
  • Mass (Da)
    20,514
  • Last updated
    2007-07-24 v2
  • Checksum
    B0966EBEAFDFB050
MQTCCQALLLLLAACTLPAHCLEPTCLHFSELLPARLRELRVKFEEIKDYFQSRDDELNIQLLSSELLDEFKGTFGCQSVSEMLRFYTDEVLPRAMQTSTSHQQSMGDLGNMLLGLKATMRRCHRFFTCEKRSKAIKQIKETFEKMDENGIYKAMGEFDIFINYIEEYLLMRRRK

Features

Showing features for sequence conflict.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Sequence conflict120in Ref. 1; CAF21727

Keywords

Sequence databases

Nucleotide SequenceProtein SequenceMolecule TypeStatus
AJ621614
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
CAF21727.1
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
Genomic DNA
AJ621254
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
CAF18432.1
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
mRNA
AY647438
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
-mRNA No translation available.

Genome annotation databases

Similar Proteins

Disclaimer

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