Q42510 · GNOM_ARATH
- ProteinARF guanine-nucleotide exchange factor GNOM
- GeneGN
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Amino acids1451 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at protein level
- Annotation score5/5
Function
function
Activates the ARF proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting. Acts as the major regulator of endosomal vesicle trafficking but is also involved in the endocytosis process. Could function redundantly with GNL1 in the retrograde Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum trafficking. Regulates vesicle trafficking required for the coordinated polar localization of auxin efflux carriers which in turn determines the direction of auxin flow. Mediates the sorting of PIN1 from endosomal compartments to the basal plasma membrane and the polarization of PIN3 to the bottom side of hypocotyl endodermal cells. Involved in the specification of apical-basal pattern formation in the early embryo and during root formation. Required for correct cell wall organization leading to normal cell adhesion during seedling development. Also plays an essential role in hydrotropism of seedling roots.
Activity regulation
Inhibited by brefeldin A (BFA).
Features
Showing features for active site.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active site | 658 | |||||
Sequence: E |
GO annotations
all annotations | all molecular function | nucleotide binding | molecular_function | nucleic acid binding | dna binding | chromatin binding | dna-binding transcription factor activity | rna binding | cytoskeletal motor activity | catalytic activity | nuclease activity | signaling receptor binding | structural molecule activity | transporter activity | binding | protein binding | translation factor activity, rna binding | lipid binding | kinase activity | transferase activity | hydrolase activity | oxygen binding | enzyme regulator activity | carbohydrate binding | signaling receptor activity | translation regulator activity | transcription regulator activity | other molecular function | all biological process | carbohydrate metabolic process | generation of precursor metabolites and energy | nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process | dna metabolic process | translation | lipid metabolic process | transport | response to stress | cell cycle | cell communication | signal transduction | cell-cell signaling | multicellular organism development | circadian rhythm | biological_process | metabolic process | catabolic process | biosynthetic process | response to light stimulus | response to external stimulus | tropism | response to biotic stimulus | response to abiotic stimulus | response to endogenous stimulus | embryo development | post-embryonic development | fruit ripening | abscission | pollination | flower development | cellular process | programmed cell death | photosynthesis | cellular component organization | cell growth | protein metabolic process | cellular homeostasis | secondary metabolic process | reproductive process | cell differentiation | protein modification process | growth | epigenetic regulation of gene expression | response to chemical | anatomical structure development | regulation of molecular function | other biological process | all cellular component | cellular_component | extracellular region | cell wall | intracellular anatomical structure | nucleus | nuclear envelope | nucleoplasm | nucleolus | cytoplasm | mitochondrion | lysosome | endosome | vacuole | peroxisome | endoplasmic reticulum | golgi apparatus | cytosol | ribosome | cytoskeleton | plasma membrane | chloroplast | plastid | thylakoid | membrane | external encapsulating structure | other cellular component | |||
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Keywords
- Molecular function
- Biological process
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameARF guanine-nucleotide exchange factor GNOM
- Alternative names
Gene names
Organism names
- Strains
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Viridiplantae > Streptophyta > Embryophyta > Tracheophyta > Spermatophyta > Magnoliopsida > eudicotyledons > Gunneridae > Pentapetalae > rosids > malvids > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Camelineae > Arabidopsis
Accessions
- Primary accessionQ42510
- Secondary accessions
Proteomes
Organism-specific databases
Genome annotation databases
Subcellular Location
UniProt Annotation
GO Annotation
Endosome membrane ; Peripheral membrane protein
Cell membrane ; Peripheral membrane protein
Note: Soluble and partially membrane-bound.
Keywords
- Cellular component
Phenotypes & Variants
Disruption phenotype
Lack of morphological features of apical-basal polarity resulting of no root, no true hypocotyl and abnormal shoot apical meristem. Cell wall alterations. Defects in cell adhesion. Aberrant leaf venation.
Features
Showing features for natural variant, mutagenesis.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural variant | 95 | in strain: cv. Landsberg erecta | ||||
Sequence: Q → P | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 579 | In B4049; abnormal embryo development. | ||||
Sequence: G → R | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 599-601 | In TA477; abnormal embryo development. | ||||
Sequence: Missing | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 658 | In emb30-1/T391/U87; abnormal embryo development. | ||||
Sequence: E → K | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 696 | Confers brefeldin A (BFA) resistance. | ||||
Sequence: M → L | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 951 | Defects in hydrotropic response. | ||||
Sequence: G → E |
Variants
We now provide the "Disease & Variants" viewer in its own tab.
The viewer provides 45 variants from UniProt as well as other sources including ClinVar and dbSNP.
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for chain.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chain | PRO_0000120211 | 1-1451 | ARF guanine-nucleotide exchange factor GNOM | |||
Sequence: MGRLKLHSGIKAIEEEPEDFECTDSSNTTTLACMIDTEIAAVLAVMRRNVRWGGRYMSGDDQLEHSLIQSLKALRKQVFSWNQPWHTISPMLYLQPFLDVIRSDETGAPITSIALSSVYKILNLNVIDQNTANIEDAMHLVVDSVTSCRFEVTDPASEEVVLMKILQVLLACMKNKASVMLSNQHVCTVVNTCFRVVHQAGMKGELLQRVARHTMHELVRCIFSHLPDVERTETTLVNRAGSIKQEKAGVDSDYAIVSKPVEDGNANSEYDVENSMATFATGAQSLMDDGPVGPGSRKPASPYDLHIMTEPYGVPSMVEIFHFLCSLLNVVEHVGMGSRSNTIAFDEDVPLFALNLINSAIELGGSSIRHHPRLLSLIQDELFRNLMQFGLSMSPLILSMVCSIVLNLYQHLRTELKLQLEAFFSCVILRLAQGKYGPSYQQQEVAMEALVNFCRQKSFMVEMYANLDCDITCSNVFEELSNLLSKSTFPVNCPLSAMHILALDGLIAVIQGMAERISNGLTGLDLGPVHLDEYTPFWMVKCDNYSDPNHWVSFVRRRKYIKRRLMIGADHFNRDPKKGLEFLQGTHLLPDKLDPQSVACFFRYTAGLDKNLVGDFLGNHDEFCVQVLNEFAGTFDFQYMNLDTALRLFLETFRLPGESQKIQRVLEAFSERYYMQSPEILANKDAALVLSYSIIMLNTDQHNVQVKKKMTEEDFIRNNRHINGGNDLPREFLSELFHSICNNEIRTTPEQGAGFPEMTPSRWIDLMHKSKKTAPYILADSRAYLDHDMFAIMSGPTIAAISVVFDHAEHEDVYQTCIDGFLAIAKISACHHLEDVLDDLVVSLCKFTTLLNPSSVDEPVLAFGDDAKARMATITIFTIANKYGDYIRTGWRNILDCILRLHKLGLLPARVASDAADESEHSSEQGQGKPLANSLSSAHLQSMGTPRRSSGLMGRFSQLLSLDTEEPRSQPTEQQLAAHQRTLQTIQKCHIDSIFTESKFLQAESLLQLARALIWAAGRPQKGTSSPEDEDTAVFCLELLIAITLNNRDRIVLLWQGVYEHIATIAQSTVMPCNLVDKAIFGLLRICQRLLPYKESLADELLRSLQLVLKLDARVADAYCEQIAIEVSRLVKANANHIRSQAGWRTITSLLSITARHPEASESGFDAVSFVMSEGTHLYPANYVLCVDAARQFAESRVGQSERSIRALDLMGDSLEFLAKWALSAKENMGEEDFGKMSQDIGEMWLRLVQGLRKVCLDQREDVRNHALQSLQKCLGGVDGINLAHSMWSQCFDKVIFTVLDDLLEIAAGSQKDYRNMEGTLLLAIKLLSKVFLQQLQELSQLSTFCKLWLGVLTRMEKYMKVKVRGKKSDKLQESVPELLKNILLVMKTKGVLLQRSALGGDSLWELTWLHVNNIAPSMRLELFPDQESSQLGDDETVSNGLSSPENTTGS |
Proteomic databases
PTM databases
Expression
Tissue specificity
Stems, leaves, flowers, siliques, floral inflorescence and roots. Expressed in the whole plant (at the protein level).
Developmental stage
Continually expressed in both embryogenesis and postembryonic organ development. Strongly expressed in actively dividing or elongating cells but only weakly or not at all in differentiated tissues other than the vasculature.
Gene expression databases
Interaction
Subunit
Homodimer. Interacts with CYP19-4/CYP5 in vitro.
Binary interactions
Type | Entry 1 | Entry 2 | Number of experiments | Intact | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BINARY | Q42510 | CYP19-4 Q8LDP4 | 6 | EBI-1998836, EBI-2320844 | |
BINARY | Q42510 | GN Q42510 | 8 | EBI-1998836, EBI-1998836 | |
BINARY | Q42510 | PP2CA P49598 | 3 | EBI-1998836, EBI-1764934 |
Protein-protein interaction databases
Structure
Family & Domains
Features
Showing features for region, domain.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | 1-246 | DCB domain | ||||
Sequence: MGRLKLHSGIKAIEEEPEDFECTDSSNTTTLACMIDTEIAAVLAVMRRNVRWGGRYMSGDDQLEHSLIQSLKALRKQVFSWNQPWHTISPMLYLQPFLDVIRSDETGAPITSIALSSVYKILNLNVIDQNTANIEDAMHLVVDSVTSCRFEVTDPASEEVVLMKILQVLLACMKNKASVMLSNQHVCTVVNTCFRVVHQAGMKGELLQRVARHTMHELVRCIFSHLPDVERTETTLVNRAGSIKQE | ||||||
Domain | 557-752 | SEC7 | ||||
Sequence: RRKYIKRRLMIGADHFNRDPKKGLEFLQGTHLLPDKLDPQSVACFFRYTAGLDKNLVGDFLGNHDEFCVQVLNEFAGTFDFQYMNLDTALRLFLETFRLPGESQKIQRVLEAFSERYYMQSPEILANKDAALVLSYSIIMLNTDQHNVQVKKKMTEEDFIRNNRHINGGNDLPREFLSELFHSICNNEIRTTPEQG | ||||||
Region | 1430-1451 | Disordered | ||||
Sequence: SQLGDDETVSNGLSSPENTTGS |
Domain
The DCB domain is required for both homodimerization and interaction with CYP protein. Heterotypic interaction of DCB domain with the N-terminal part of the SEC7 domain is required for membrane association and catalytic activity of the protein.
Phylogenomic databases
Family and domain databases
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Length1,451
- Mass (Da)162,619
- Last updated1996-11-01 v1
- Checksum666E21C74B426996
Sequence caution
Features
Showing features for sequence conflict.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sequence conflict | 111 | in Ref. 2; AAA91150 | ||||
Sequence: T → I | ||||||
Sequence conflict | 867 | in Ref. 2; AAA91150 | ||||
Sequence: A → G |
Keywords
- Technical term
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
U56140 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAB01205.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
U56141 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAB01206.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
U36432 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAA91150.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
U36433 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAA91151.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
AC007576 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAD39284.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
AC068197 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAF79403.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
CP002684 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AEE29092.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
CP002684 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AEE29093.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
AK220827 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | BAD94131.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | Different initiation |