Q09H18 · Q09H18_MACMU
- ProteinTumor necrosis factor
- GeneTNF-alpha
- StatusUniProtKB unreviewed (TrEMBL)
- Organism
- Amino acids182 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at transcript level
- Annotation score4/5
Function
function
Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance. Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and IL6.
The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.
GO annotations
all annotations | all molecular function | virus receptor activity | dna binding | rna binding | cytoskeletal motor activity | catalytic activity | gtpase activity | structural molecule activity | transporter activity | cytoskeletal protein binding | lipid binding | cyclase activity | antioxidant activity | oxidoreductase activity | transferase activity | hydrolase activity | lyase activity | isomerase activity | ligase activity | protein tag activity | cargo receptor activity | histone binding | protein folding chaperone | translation regulator activity | nutrient reservoir activity | receptor ligand activity | molecular transducer activity | molecular adaptor activity | toxin activity | cell adhesion mediator activity | molecular function regulator activity | virus coreceptor activity | catalytic activity, acting on a protein | catalytic activity, acting on dna | catalytic activity, acting on rna | molecular carrier activity | transcription regulator activity | general transcription initiation factor activity | molecular sensor activity | molecular sequestering activity | atp-dependent activity | other molecular function | all biological process | mitotic cell cycle | cytokinesis | cytoplasmic translation | immune system process | muscle system process | circulatory system process | renal system process | respiratory system process | carbohydrate metabolic process | generation of precursor metabolites and energy | dna replication | dna repair | dna recombination | chromatin organization | dna-templated transcription | regulation of dna-templated transcription | trna metabolic process | protein folding | protein glycosylation | amino acid metabolic process | modified amino acid metabolic process | lipid metabolic process | vitamin metabolic process | sulfur compound metabolic process | intracellular protein transport | nucleocytoplasmic transport | autophagy | inflammatory response | mitochondrion organization | cytoskeleton organization | microtubule-based movement | peroxisome organization | lysosome organization | chromosome segregation | cell adhesion | establishment or maintenance of cell polarity | programmed cell death | photosynthesis | mrna metabolic process | snrna metabolic process | vesicle-mediated transport | reproductive process | digestive system process | signaling | cell differentiation | protein catabolic process | extracellular matrix organization | regulatory ncrna-mediated gene silencing | telomere organization | cell junction organization | wound healing | ribosome biogenesis | cilium organization | anatomical structure development | cell motility | nervous system process | endocrine process | protein maturation | transmembrane transport | nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process | hepaticobiliary system process | membrane organization | protein-containing complex assembly | cell wall organization or biogenesis | nitrogen cycle metabolic process | protein localization to plasma membrane | defense response to other organism | detoxification | meiotic nuclear division | mitotic nuclear division | mitochondrial gene expression | carbohydrate derivative metabolic process | other biological process | all cellular component | nuclear chromosome | extracellular region | extracellular space | cell wall | nucleus | nuclear envelope | nucleoplasm | chromosome | nucleolus | mitochondrion | lysosome | endosome | vacuole | peroxisome | endoplasmic reticulum | golgi apparatus | lipid droplet | microtubule organizing center | cytosol | ribosome | cytoskeleton | plasma membrane | cilium | plastid | thylakoid | external encapsulating structure | extracellular matrix | cytoplasmic vesicle | organelle | other cellular component | |||
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Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Cellular Component | extracellular space | |
Cellular Component | plasma membrane | |
Molecular Function | cytokine activity | |
Molecular Function | tumor necrosis factor receptor binding | |
Biological Process | immune response | |
Biological Process | necroptotic signaling pathway | |
Biological Process | regulation of biological quality | |
Biological Process | regulation of developmental process | |
Biological Process | regulation of multicellular organismal process | |
Biological Process | regulation of secretion | |
Biological Process | vascular endothelial growth factor production |
Keywords
- Molecular function
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameTumor necrosis factor
- Short namesTNF-a
- Alternative names
- Cleaved into 5 chains
Gene names
Organism names
- Organism
- Strains
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Metazoa > Chordata > Craniata > Vertebrata > Euteleostomi > Mammalia > Eutheria > Euarchontoglires > Primates > Haplorrhini > Catarrhini > Cercopithecidae > Cercopithecinae > Macaca
Accessions
- Primary accessionQ09H18
Subcellular Location
UniProt Annotation
GO Annotation
Cell membrane ; Single-pass type II membrane protein
C-domain 2
Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form
Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form
Membrane ; Single-pass type II membrane protein
C-domain 1
Keywords
- Cellular component
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for signal, chain.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Signal | 1-23 | ||||
Chain | PRO_5010133584 | 24-182 | Tumor necrosis factor | ||
Post-translational modification
O-glycosylated; glycans contain galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid.
The membrane form, but not the soluble form, is phosphorylated on serine residues. Dephosphorylation of the membrane form occurs by binding to soluble TNFRSF1A/TNFR1.
The soluble form derives from the membrane form by proteolytic processing. The membrane-bound form is further proteolytically processed by SPPL2A or SPPL2B through regulated intramembrane proteolysis producing TNF intracellular domains (ICD1 and ICD2) released in the cytosol and TNF C-domain 1 and C-domain 2 secreted into the extracellular space.
Keywords
- PTM
Interaction
Subunit
Homotrimer. Interacts with SPPL2B.
Structure
Sequence
- Sequence statusFragment
- Length182
- Mass (Da)19,957
- Last updated2006-10-17 v1
- ChecksumC0DDC5B18CA83FA8
Features
Showing features for non-terminal residue.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-terminal residue | 1 | ||||
Non-terminal residue | 182 | ||||
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
DQ902456 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | ABI63789.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
DQ902462 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | ABI63795.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA |