P60568 · IL2_HUMAN
- ProteinInterleukin-2
- GeneIL2
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Organism
- Amino acids153 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at protein level
- Annotation score5/5
Function
function
Cytokine produced by activated CD4-positive helper T-cells and to a lesser extend activated CD8-positive T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells that plays pivotal roles in the immune response and tolerance (PubMed:6438535).
Binds to a receptor complex composed of either the high-affinity trimeric IL-2R (IL2RA/CD25, IL2RB/CD122 and IL2RG/CD132) or the low-affinity dimeric IL-2R (IL2RB and IL2RG) (PubMed:16293754, PubMed:16477002).
Interaction with the receptor leads to oligomerization and conformation changes in the IL-2R subunits resulting in downstream signaling starting with phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3 (PubMed:7973659).
In turn, JAK1 and JAK3 phosphorylate the receptor to form a docking site leading to the phosphorylation of several substrates including STAT5 (PubMed:8580378).
This process leads to activation of several pathways including STAT, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase/MAPK pathways (PubMed:25142963).
Functions as a T-cell growth factor and can increase NK-cell cytolytic activity as well (PubMed:6608729).
Promotes strong proliferation of activated B-cells and subsequently immunoglobulin production (PubMed:6438535).
Plays a pivotal role in regulating the adaptive immune system by controlling the survival and proliferation of regulatory T-cells, which are required for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Moreover, participates in the differentiation and homeostasis of effector T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 as well as memory CD8-positive T-cells
Binds to a receptor complex composed of either the high-affinity trimeric IL-2R (IL2RA/CD25, IL2RB/CD122 and IL2RG/CD132) or the low-affinity dimeric IL-2R (IL2RB and IL2RG) (PubMed:16293754, PubMed:16477002).
Interaction with the receptor leads to oligomerization and conformation changes in the IL-2R subunits resulting in downstream signaling starting with phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3 (PubMed:7973659).
In turn, JAK1 and JAK3 phosphorylate the receptor to form a docking site leading to the phosphorylation of several substrates including STAT5 (PubMed:8580378).
This process leads to activation of several pathways including STAT, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase/MAPK pathways (PubMed:25142963).
Functions as a T-cell growth factor and can increase NK-cell cytolytic activity as well (PubMed:6608729).
Promotes strong proliferation of activated B-cells and subsequently immunoglobulin production (PubMed:6438535).
Plays a pivotal role in regulating the adaptive immune system by controlling the survival and proliferation of regulatory T-cells, which are required for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Moreover, participates in the differentiation and homeostasis of effector T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 as well as memory CD8-positive T-cells
GO annotations
Keywords
- Molecular function
- Biological process
Enzyme and pathway databases
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameInterleukin-2
- Short namesIL-2
- Alternative names
- INN Name
Gene names
Organism names
- Organism
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Metazoa > Chordata > Craniata > Vertebrata > Euteleostomi > Mammalia > Eutheria > Euarchontoglires > Primates > Haplorrhini > Catarrhini > Hominidae > Homo
Accessions
- Primary accessionP60568
- Secondary accessions
Proteomes
Organism-specific databases
Subcellular Location
Disease & Variants
Involvement in disease
Pharmaceutical
Available under the name Proleukin (Chiron). Used in patients with renal cell carcinoma or metastatic melanoma.
Features
Showing features for natural variant.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural variant | VAR_003967 | 21 | in FT-IL2-A and FT-IL2-B | |||
Sequence: Missing | ||||||
Natural variant | VAR_003968 | 22 | in FT-IL2-B | |||
Sequence: Missing |
Variants
We now provide the "Disease & Variants" viewer in its own tab.
The viewer provides 120 variants from UniProt as well as other sources including ClinVar and dbSNP.
Keywords
- Disease
Organism-specific databases
Miscellaneous
Chemistry
Genetic variation databases
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for signal, chain, glycosylation, disulfide bond.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Signal | 1-20 | |||||
Sequence: MYRMQLLSCIALSLALVTNS | ||||||
Chain | PRO_0000015484 | 21-153 | Interleukin-2 | |||
Sequence: APTSSSTKKTQLQLEHLLLDLQMILNGINNYKNPKLTRMLTFKFYMPKKATELKHLQCLEEELKPLEEVLNLAQSKNFHLRPRDLISNINVIVLELKGSETTFMCEYADETATIVEFLNRWITFCQSIISTLT | ||||||
Glycosylation | CAR_000051 | 23 | O-linked (GalNAc...) threonine | |||
Sequence: T | ||||||
Disulfide bond | 78↔125 | |||||
Sequence: CLEEELKPLEEVLNLAQSKNFHLRPRDLISNINVIVLELKGSETTFMC |
Keywords
- PTM
Proteomic databases
PTM databases
Expression
Interaction
Binary interactions
Type | Entry 1 | Entry 2 | Number of experiments | Intact | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BINARY | P60568 | IL2RA P01589 | 3 | EBI-12508717, EBI-8614302 | |
BINARY | P60568 | IL2RB P14784 | 5 | EBI-12508717, EBI-2866779 |
Protein-protein interaction databases
Chemistry
Miscellaneous
Structure
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
- Length153
- Mass (Da)17,628
- Last updated1986-07-21 v1
- Checksum59E2F40F25860F84
Sequence caution
Keywords
- Coding sequence diversity
- Technical term
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
X00695 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | CAA25292.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
V00564 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | CAA23827.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
X01586 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | CAA25742.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
J00264 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAD48509.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
K02056 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAA98792.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
S77834 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAD14263.2 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
S82692 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAB46883.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
AF359939 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAK26665.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
BC066255 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAH66255.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
BC066257 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAH66257.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
BC070338 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAH70338.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
M33199 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAA59139.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
M13879 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAA59141.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
M22005 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAA59140.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | Different initiation |