P35065 · H2A1_TETTS

Function

function

Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.

Caution

To ensure consistency between histone entries, we follow the 'Brno' nomenclature for histone modifications, with positions referring to those used in the literature for the 'closest' model organism. Due to slight variations in histone sequences between organisms and to the presence of initiator methionine in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot sequences, the actual positions of modified amino acids in the sequence generally differ. In this entry the following conventions are used: H2AK5ac = acetylated Lys-6; H2AK8ac = acetylated Lys-9; H2AK10ac = acetylated Lys-11; H2AK12ac = acetylated Lys-13; H2AK17ac = acetylated Lys-18; H2AS122ph = phosphorylated Ser-123; H2AK123ub1 = monoubiquitinated Lys-124; H2AS127ph = phosphorylated Ser-128.

GO annotations

all annotationsall molecular functionvirus receptor activitydna bindingrna bindingcytoskeletal motor activitycatalytic activitygtpase activitystructural molecule activitytransporter activitycytoskeletal protein bindinglipid bindingcyclase activityantioxidant activityoxidoreductase activitytransferase activityhydrolase activitylyase activityisomerase activityligase activityprotein tag activitycargo receptor activityhistone bindingprotein folding chaperonetranslation regulator activitynutrient reservoir activityreceptor ligand activitymolecular transducer activitymolecular adaptor activitytoxin activitycell adhesion mediator activitymolecular function regulator activityvirus coreceptor activitycatalytic activity, acting on a proteincatalytic activity, acting on dnacatalytic activity, acting on rnamolecular carrier activitytranscription regulator activitygeneral transcription initiation factor activitymolecular sensor activitymolecular sequestering activityatp-dependent activityother molecular functionall biological processmitotic cell cyclecytokinesiscytoplasmic translationimmune system processmuscle system processcirculatory system processrenal system processrespiratory system processcarbohydrate metabolic processgeneration of precursor metabolites and energydna replicationdna repairdna recombinationchromatin organizationdna-templated transcriptionregulation of dna-templated transcriptiontrna metabolic processprotein foldingprotein glycosylationamino acid metabolic processmodified amino acid metabolic processlipid metabolic processvitamin metabolic processsulfur compound metabolic processintracellular protein transportnucleocytoplasmic transportautophagyinflammatory responsemitochondrion organizationcytoskeleton organizationmicrotubule-based movementperoxisome organizationlysosome organizationchromosome segregationcell adhesionestablishment or maintenance of cell polarityprogrammed cell deathphotosynthesismrna metabolic processsnrna metabolic processvesicle-mediated transportreproductive processdigestive system processsignalingcell differentiationprotein catabolic processextracellular matrix organizationregulatory ncrna-mediated gene silencingtelomere organizationcell junction organizationwound healingribosome biogenesiscilium organizationanatomical structure developmentcell motilitynervous system processendocrine processprotein maturationtransmembrane transportnucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic processhepaticobiliary system processmembrane organizationprotein-containing complex assemblycell wall organization or biogenesisnitrogen cycle metabolic processprotein localization to plasma membranedefense response to other organismdetoxificationmeiotic nuclear divisionmitotic nuclear divisionmitochondrial gene expressioncarbohydrate derivative metabolic processother biological processall cellular componentnuclear chromosomeextracellular regionextracellular spacecell wallnucleusnuclear envelopenucleoplasmchromosomenucleolusmitochondrionlysosomeendosomevacuoleperoxisomeendoplasmic reticulumgolgi apparatuslipid dropletmicrotubule organizing centercytosolribosomecytoskeletonplasma membraneciliumplastidthylakoidexternal encapsulating structureextracellular matrixcytoplasmic vesicleorganelleother cellular component
Cell color indicative of number of GO terms
AspectTerm
Cellular Componentnucleosome
Cellular Componentnucleus
Molecular FunctionDNA binding
Molecular Functionprotein heterodimerization activity
Molecular Functionstructural constituent of chromatin

Keywords

Names & Taxonomy

Protein names

  • Recommended name
    Histone H2A.1
  • Alternative names
    • Histone H2A.2 (H2A2)

Gene names

    • Name
      HTA2
    • ORF names
      TTHERM_00316500

Organism names

  • Taxonomic identifier
  • Strains
    • CU428
    • SB210
  • Taxonomic lineage
    Eukaryota > Sar > Alveolata > Ciliophora > Intramacronucleata > Oligohymenophorea > Hymenostomatida > Tetrahymenina > Tetrahymenidae > Tetrahymena

Accessions

  • Primary accession
    P35065

Proteomes

Subcellular Location

Note: Localizes to both the large, transcriptionally active, somatic macronucleus (MAC) and the small, transcriptionally inert, germ line micronucleus (MIC).

Keywords

PTM/Processing

Features

Showing features for initiator methionine, modified residue, chain, cross-link.

Type
IDPosition(s)Description
Initiator methionine1Removed
Modified residue2N-acetylserine
ChainPRO_00000552862-133Histone H2A.1
Modified residue6N6-acetyllysine
Modified residue9N6-acetyllysine
Modified residue11N6-acetyllysine
Modified residue13N6-acetyllysine
Modified residue18N6-acetyllysine
Modified residue123Phosphoserine
Cross-link124Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin)

Post-translational modification

Monoubiquitination of Lys-124 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression.
Acetylation occurs almost exclusively in the MAC.

Keywords

PTM databases

Interaction

Subunit

The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.

Protein-protein interaction databases

Structure

Family & Domains

Features

Showing features for region.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Region1-23Disordered

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the histone H2A family.

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Sequence

  • Sequence status
    Complete
  • Length
    133
  • Mass (Da)
    14,284
  • Last updated
    2007-01-23 v2
  • Checksum
    19FA724A13E39677
MSTTGKGGKAKGKTASSKQVSRSARAGLQFPVGRISRFLKNGRYSERIGTGAPVYLAAVLEYLAAEVLELAGNAAKDNKKTRIVPRHILLAIRNDEELNKLMANTTIADGGVLPNINPMLLPSKTKKSTEPEH

Keywords

Sequence databases

Nucleotide SequenceProtein SequenceMolecule TypeStatus
L18893
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
AAC37292.1
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
Unassigned DNA
GG662605
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
EAS01097.1
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
Genomic DNA

Genome annotation databases

Similar Proteins

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. Our staff consists of biologists and biochemists that are not trained to give medical advice.
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