P0DQO9 · PV21_POMMA

Function

function

The egg defensive protein perivitellin-2 is a pore-forming two-subunit glycoprotein that affects both the nervous and digestive systems of mammals (PubMed:32231667, PubMed:32446810).
In addition, it is a source of both structural and energetic molecules during embryonic development (By similarity).
The tachylectin subunit (31 kDa) binds target membranes while the MACPF subunit (67 kDa) disrupts lipid bilayers forming large pores (inner diameter of about 5.6 nm) altering the plasma membrance conductance (PubMed:32446810).
Both in vivo and in vitro, the protein shows wide pH range stability and is resistant to enzymatic proteolysis from gastrointestinal environments (PubMed:32231667).
It is cytotoxic to both epithelial and immune cells from the digestive system of mammals (PubMed:32231667).
It induces enterocyte death by a lytic mechanism and disrupts enterocyte monolayers in a dose-dependent manner (PubMed:32231667).
After oral administration to mice, it binds enterocytes and induces large dose-dependent morphological changes on their small intestine mucosa, reducing the absorptive surface (PubMed:32231667).
Additionally, it is detected in the Peyer's patches where it activates lymphoid follicles and triggers apoptosis (PubMed:32231667).
The toxin can also traverse the intestinal barrier and induce oral adaptive immunity with evidence of circulating antibody response (PubMed:32231667).
The toxin also shows hemagglutination properties thanks to the tachylectin subunit, but has no hemolytic activity (PubMed:32446810).
In addition to enterotoxin activity, the toxin also acts as a neurotoxin, since an intraperitoneal injection can induce paralysis of the mice rear limbs, followed by death (PubMed:32446810).

GO annotations

AspectTerm
Cellular Componentextracellular space
Cellular Componentmembrane attack complex
Cellular Componentother organism cell membrane
Molecular Functionnutrient reservoir activity
Molecular Functiontoxin activity
Biological Processcomplement activation

Keywords

Names & Taxonomy

Protein names

  • Recommended name
    Perivitellin-2 67 kDa subunit
  • Short names
    PmPV2 67 kDa subunit
    ; PmPV2-67
  • Alternative names
    • PV2 MACPF 'A' toxic subunit
    • Pma_3499_0.31
    • Pore forming toxin
      (PFT
      )

Organism names

  • Taxonomic identifier
  • Taxonomic lineage
    Eukaryota > Metazoa > Spiralia > Lophotrochozoa > Mollusca > Gastropoda > Caenogastropoda > Architaenioglossa > Ampullarioidea > Ampullariidae > Pomacea

Accessions

  • Primary accession
    P0DQO9

Phenotypes & Variants

Toxic dose

LD50 is 250 ug/kg by intraperitoneal injection into mice.

PTM/Processing

Features

Showing features for signal, chain, disulfide bond.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Signal1-26
ChainPRO_000045211927-565Perivitellin-2 67 kDa subunit
Disulfide bond398Interchain

Post-translational modification

PV2 is a very high density lipoprotein (VHDL). It contains 3.75% of lipids. The major lipid classes are free sterols and phospholipids and also have significant quantities of energy-providing triacylglycerides and free fatty acids.

Keywords

Expression

Tissue specificity

Produced by albumen secretory cells. Found in developing eggs.

Interaction

Subunit

Perivitellin-2 is a dimer of heterodimers held together head-to-tail by non-covalent forces. The heterodimer is composed of the tachylectin subunit (31 kDa) and the MACPF subunit (67 kDa) that are disulfide-linked.

Family & Domains

Features

Showing features for domain, region.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Domain27-340MACPF
Region387-565Invertebrate MACPF Accessory Domain (IMAD)

Keywords

Family and domain databases

Sequence

  • Sequence status
    Complete
  • Sequence processing
    The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
  • Length
    565
  • Mass (Da)
    62,355
  • Last updated
    2021-04-07 v1
  • Checksum
    D294FECC2EBD24A6
MSQLRWWVVSQVLLLIAICSLDHSEGARVCPKIVPGLDKLRVGVDITKLDLLPLFDLGDNGFRSAVADYTCDRGQTAVVDGESFDVPDQVDSVVIESSGQQTSSVTTIKSESQISQALSISAGISVETAKAGFSSSASYAEMQEAITKYGRTVSQMSAVYTTCSANLSPNLLLGQNPLQTLSRLPSDFTADTQGYYDFIKTYGTHYFNKGKLGGMFLFTSETDMSYFQNKNSQQIEATVKATFASILSTETGGSSDESKEVIEFKESSLITSKFFGGQTNLAADGLTKWQPTIAKLPYFMSGTLSTISSLIADTTKRASMELAVKNYLLKAKVANLDRLTYIRLNSWSVGHNELRDLSAQLQNLKTKTIFSDADEKLLQSIEDQVSVPAWFSDRTTFCFRSTAVGSADQCNGQSTNTLCAEPNRYTQQYMDKTYLGDTGCRLVWKISTTESTDWFKSVKVNFRWYPTWSPCACGPVGTPFTISAPANSWTQDYLDVTNPKFGECMLQWMIEVPPTATLWAKNLEFCIDFTCGKKKQCVDANQWTEPYLDISAHEACGMSWALIAK

Similar Proteins

Disclaimer

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