P0C213 · TAX_HTL1F

Function

function

Transcriptional activator that governs the viral transcription from the 5'LTR via the recruitment of dimers of host phosphorylated CREB1. Together they bind cAMP response elements within the viral promoter and mediate high-level viral transcription. Increases host CREB1 O-GlcNAcylation to further increase 5'LTR transactivation. Modulates also the expression of cellular genes leading to the deregulation of T-cell proliferation, perturbing the integrity of cell cycle checkpoints, the DNA damage response and apopototic pathways. Acts as an ubiquitin E3 ligase and stimulates host IKK complex by catalyzing the assembly of free mixed-linkage polyubiquitin chains, resulting in constitutive activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Inhibits the host nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a cellular process that can actively degrade mRNAs by interacting with host UPF1.

Miscellaneous

HTLV-1 lineages are divided in four clades, A (Cosmopolitan), B (Central African group), C (Melanesian group) and D (New Central African group).

GO annotations

all annotationsall molecular functionvirus receptor activitydna bindingrna bindingcytoskeletal motor activitycatalytic activitygtpase activitystructural molecule activitytransporter activitycytoskeletal protein bindinglipid bindingcyclase activityantioxidant activityoxidoreductase activitytransferase activityhydrolase activitylyase activityisomerase activityligase activityprotein tag activitycargo receptor activityhistone bindingprotein folding chaperonetranslation regulator activitynutrient reservoir activityreceptor ligand activitymolecular transducer activitymolecular adaptor activitytoxin activitycell adhesion mediator activitymolecular function regulator activityvirus coreceptor activitycatalytic activity, acting on a proteincatalytic activity, acting on dnacatalytic activity, acting on rnamolecular carrier activitytranscription regulator activitygeneral transcription initiation factor activitymolecular sensor activitymolecular sequestering activityatp-dependent activityother molecular functionall biological processmitotic cell cyclecytokinesiscytoplasmic translationimmune system processmuscle system processcirculatory system processrenal system processrespiratory system processcarbohydrate metabolic processgeneration of precursor metabolites and energydna replicationdna repairdna recombinationchromatin organizationdna-templated transcriptionregulation of dna-templated transcriptiontrna metabolic processprotein foldingprotein glycosylationamino acid metabolic processmodified amino acid metabolic processlipid metabolic processvitamin metabolic processsulfur compound metabolic processintracellular protein transportnucleocytoplasmic transportautophagyinflammatory responsemitochondrion organizationcytoskeleton organizationmicrotubule-based movementperoxisome organizationlysosome organizationchromosome segregationcell adhesionestablishment or maintenance of cell polarityprogrammed cell deathphotosynthesismrna metabolic processsnrna metabolic processvesicle-mediated transportreproductive processdigestive system processsignalingcell differentiationprotein catabolic processextracellular matrix organizationregulatory ncrna-mediated gene silencingtelomere organizationcell junction organizationwound healingribosome biogenesiscilium organizationanatomical structure developmentcell motilitynervous system processendocrine processprotein maturationtransmembrane transportnucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic processhepaticobiliary system processmembrane organizationprotein-containing complex assemblycell wall organization or biogenesisnitrogen cycle metabolic processprotein localization to plasma membranedefense response to other organismdetoxificationmeiotic nuclear divisionmitotic nuclear divisionmitochondrial gene expressioncarbohydrate derivative metabolic processother biological processall cellular componentnuclear chromosomeextracellular regionextracellular spacecell wallnucleusnuclear envelopenucleoplasmchromosomenucleolusmitochondrionlysosomeendosomevacuoleperoxisomeendoplasmic reticulumgolgi apparatuslipid dropletmicrotubule organizing centercytosolribosomecytoskeletonplasma membraneciliumplastidthylakoidexternal encapsulating structureextracellular matrixcytoplasmic vesicleorganelleother cellular component
Cell color indicative of number of GO terms
AspectTerm
Cellular Componenthost cell cytoplasm
Cellular Componenthost cell nucleus
Molecular FunctionDNA binding
Molecular Functionmetal ion binding
Molecular FunctionSH3 domain binding
Biological Processpositive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
Biological Processsymbiont-mediated activation of host NF-kappaB cascade
Biological Processsymbiont-mediated perturbation of host cell cycle G0/G1 transition checkpoint
Biological Processsymbiont-mediated perturbation of host cell cycle G1/S transition checkpoint
Biological Processsymbiont-mediated perturbation of host exit from mitosis

Keywords

Names & Taxonomy

Protein names

  • Recommended name
    Protein Tax-1
  • Alternative names
    • Protein X-LOR
    • Trans-activating transcriptional regulatory protein of HTLV-1

Gene names

    • Name
      tax

Organism names

Accessions

  • Primary accession
    P0C213

Subcellular Location

Host nucleus
Host cytoplasm
Note: Shuttles from the host nucleus to the cytoplasm. Found predominantly in the nucleus, where it is equally distributed between the nucleoplasm and the nuclear matrix.

Keywords

Phenotypes & Variants

Keywords

PTM/Processing

Features

Showing features for chain, modified residue.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
ChainPRO_00002604881-353Protein Tax-1
Modified residue48Phosphothreonine; by host
Modified residue184Phosphothreonine; by host
Modified residue215Phosphothreonine; by host
Modified residue300Phosphoserine; by host
Modified residue301Phosphoserine; by host
Modified residue336Phosphoserine; by host

Post-translational modification

Phosphorylation at Thr-48 results in the loss of NF-kappa-B activation function. Phosphorylation at Thr-215 results in loss of CREB and NF-B responsive promoters activation. Phosphorylation at Thr-184 and Ser-336 have no effect on these Tax functions. Phosphorylation of either Ser-300 or Ser-301 is necessary for localization to nuclear bodies. Thr-48, Thr-184, Thr-215 and Ser-336 are highly phosphorylated, whereas Ser-300 or Ser-301 are only rarely phosphorylated (By similarity).

Keywords

Expression

Induction

Down-regulated by P30II.

Interaction

Subunit

Homodimer. Interacts with host CREB1. Interacts with host DLG1, IKBKG, KDM4A, MAGII3 and TAX1BP1. Recruits the coactivators CREBBP, EP300 and PCAF. Interaction with human CARM1 enhances Tax transactivation and promotes methylation of histone H3. Interacts with host SUV39H1 protein, leading to abrogate Tax transactivation of HTLV-1 LTR. Interaction with human CREB coactivators, CRTC1/TORC1, CRTC2/TORC2 and CRTC3/TORC3 enhances Tax transactivation. Interacts with host UPF1; this interaction inhibits the host nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Interacts (via N-terminus) with host PLSCR1; this interaction negatively regulates Tax transactivation activity by altering its subcellular distribution and homodimerization.

Binary interactions

TypeEntry 1Entry 2Number of experimentsIntact
XENO P0C213SCRIB Q141602EBI-11793850, EBI-357345

Protein-protein interaction databases

Structure

Family & Domains

Features

Showing features for region, zinc finger, motif.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Region2-58Interaction with CREB1
Zinc finger23-49
Motif73-80SH3-binding
Region81-95Interaction with CREBBP/P300
Region106-111Interaction with IKBKG
Region116-145Homodimerization
Motif188-202Nuclear export signal
Region213-248Homodimerization
Region289-322Transactivation
Region312-319Interaction with CREBBP C-terminus
Region326-353Disordered
Motif350-353PDZ-binding

Domain

The 48 N-terminal residues contain a non-canonical functional nuclear localization signal (NLS).
The PDZ-binding domain mediates binding to human DLG1 and MAGI3. Interaction with other PDZ domain-containing protein induces IL2-independent growth (By similarity).

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the deltaretrovirus Tax protein family.

Keywords

Family and domain databases

Sequence

  • Sequence status
    Complete
  • Length
    353
  • Mass (Da)
    39,517
  • Last updated
    2006-11-28 v1
  • Checksum
    1A475682702FD68F
MAHFPGFGQSLLFGYPVYVFGDCVQGDWCPISGGLCSARLHRHALLATCPEHQITWDPIDGRVIGSALQFLIPRLPSFPTQRTSKTLKVLTPPTTHTTPNIPPSFLQAMRKYSPFRNGYMEPTLGQHLPTLSFPDPGLRPQNLYTLWGGSVVCMYLYQLSPPITWPLLPHVIFDHPDQLGAFLTNVPYKRMEELLYKISLTTGALIILPEDCLPTTLFQPARAPVTLTAWQSGLLPFHSTLTTPGLIWAFTDGTPMISGPCPKDGRPSLVLQSSSFIFHKFQTKAYHPSFLLSHGLIQYSSFHNLHLLFEEYTNIPISLLFNEKEADDTDHEPQVSPGGLEPPSEKHFRETEV

Keywords

Sequence databases

Nucleotide SequenceProtein SequenceMolecule TypeStatus
M67514
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
-Genomic RNA No translation available.

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