P09413 · GVPC_DOLFA
- ProteinGas vesicle protein C
- GenegvpC
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Amino acids193 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at protein level
- Annotation score4/5
Function
function
Confers stability, involved in shaping gas vesicles (GV), hollow, gas-filled proteinaceous nanostructures. During planktonic growth they allow positioning of the organism at a favorable depth for light or nutrient acquisition (Probable) (Ref.4). The ratio of GvpA:GvpC is estimated to be 25:1 (PubMed:7476201, PubMed:8254305).
GvpC strengthens the GV wall, probably by connecting several GvpA proteins in the same and/or adjacent ribs (Probable) (PubMed:1510555, PubMed:16735729, PubMed:7476201, Ref.5). Removal of GvpC by SDS reduces the critical collapse pressure (CCP) of stored gas vesicles from 0.23 Mpa to 0.08 MPa (Ref.5). Removal of GvpC by urea reduces CCP of freshly isolated GVs from 0.550 MPa to 0.190 MPa; addition of recombinant GvpC restores CCP to 0.508 MPa. As the turgor pressure in this species is usually 0.35 MPa (plus the water column pressure in its growth environment), this protein is essential for GV formation (PubMed:1510555).
GvpC strengthens the GV wall, probably by connecting several GvpA proteins in the same and/or adjacent ribs (Probable) (PubMed:1510555, PubMed:16735729, PubMed:7476201, Ref.5). Removal of GvpC by SDS reduces the critical collapse pressure (CCP) of stored gas vesicles from 0.23 Mpa to 0.08 MPa (Ref.5). Removal of GvpC by urea reduces CCP of freshly isolated GVs from 0.550 MPa to 0.190 MPa; addition of recombinant GvpC restores CCP to 0.508 MPa. As the turgor pressure in this species is usually 0.35 MPa (plus the water column pressure in its growth environment), this protein is essential for GV formation (PubMed:1510555).
Miscellaneous
Protein sequence was derived from constitutive gas vesicle producer strain CCAP 1403/13f, DNA sequence from CCAP 1403/13d, a spontaneous mutant which does not produce gas vesicles.
Biotechnology
Can be used as an oxygen carrier in mammalian cell culture; addition of 1.8% GVs in the medium enhanced the maximum glucose utilization rate by about 30%. The GVs have both GvpA and GvpC.
Engineered gas vesicles (GV) can be used for noninvasive imaging in bacteria and mice. Heterologous GVs with 2 copies of gvpA plus gvpC from this bacteria and the gvpR-gvpU operon from P.megaterium make GVs suitable for imaging of bacteria deep in mouse tissues (e.g. the gastrointestinal tract), or when expressed in tumor-homing bacteria, can be detected in tumors (PubMed:29300010).
Can be used to make acoustic biosensors for ultrasound imaging. Insertion of a protease target site in GvpC and subsequent exposure to the protease leads to GVs that collapse at lower hydrostatic pressures; both endoproteases and processive exoproteases can be used. Controlling GvpC degradation allows controlled GV collapse and changes in ultrasound images (PubMed:32661379).
Can be used to make acoustic biosensors for ultrasound imaging. Insertion of a protease target site in GvpC and subsequent exposure to the protease leads to GVs that collapse at lower hydrostatic pressures; both endoproteases and processive exoproteases can be used. Controlling GvpC degradation allows controlled GV collapse and changes in ultrasound images (PubMed:32661379).
GO annotations
Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Cellular Component | gas vesicle | |
Biological Process | gas vesicle organization |
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameGas vesicle protein C
- Short namesGVPc
Gene names
Organism names
- Strains
- Taxonomic lineageBacteria > Cyanobacteriota > Cyanophyceae > Nostocales > Aphanizomenonaceae > Dolichospermum
Accessions
- Primary accessionP09413
Subcellular Location
UniProt Annotation
GO Annotation
Note: Binds to the entire external surface of the gas vesicle (PubMed:1510555, PubMed:1527496, PubMed:16735729, PubMed:3141741, PubMed:32661379, PubMed:7476201, PubMed:8254305, Ref.5). Trypsin cleaves most of the expected sites in intact vesicles, suggesting all of GvpC is on the surface (PubMed:16735729).
Keywords
- Cellular component
Phenotypes & Variants
Features
Showing features for natural variant, mutagenesis.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural variant | 3 | in strain: CCAP 1401/1 | ||||
Sequence: S → P | ||||||
Natural variant | 5-6 | in strain: CCAP 1401/1 | ||||
Sequence: MA → IT | ||||||
Natural variant | 16-17 | in strain: CCAP 1401/1 | ||||
Sequence: AE → VK | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 85-183 | Missing last 3 repeats, restores gas vesicle stability 70% as well as wild-type. | ||||
Sequence: Missing | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 118-183 | Missing last 2 repeats, restores gas vesicle stability 80% as well as wild-type. | ||||
Sequence: Missing | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 151-183 | Missing last repeat, restores gas vesicle stability 80% as well as wild-type. | ||||
Sequence: Missing |
Variants
We now provide the "Disease & Variants" viewer in its own tab.
The viewer provides 3 variants from UniProt as well as other sources including ClinVar and dbSNP.
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for chain.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chain | PRO_0000182663 | 1-193 | Gas vesicle protein C | |||
Sequence: MISLMAKIRQEHQSIAEKVAELSLETREFLSVTTAKRQEQAEKQAQELQAFYKDLQETSQQFLSETAQARIAQAEKQAQELLAFHKELQETSQQFLSATAQARIAQAEKQAQELLAFYQEVRETSQQFLSATAQARIAQAEKQAQELLAFHKELQETSQQFLSATADARTAQAKEQKESLLKFRQDLFVSIFG |
Expression
Induction
Gas vesicles are abundant in low light, and collapse after exposure to high light.
Structure
Family & Domains
Features
Showing features for repeat, region.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Repeat | 19-51 | |||||
Sequence: VAELSLETREFLSVTTAKRQEQAEKQAQELQAF | ||||||
Region | 19-183 | 5 X 33 AA tandem repeats | ||||
Sequence: VAELSLETREFLSVTTAKRQEQAEKQAQELQAFYKDLQETSQQFLSETAQARIAQAEKQAQELLAFHKELQETSQQFLSATAQARIAQAEKQAQELLAFYQEVRETSQQFLSATAQARIAQAEKQAQELLAFHKELQETSQQFLSATADARTAQAKEQKESLLKF | ||||||
Repeat | 52-84 | |||||
Sequence: YKDLQETSQQFLSETAQARIAQAEKQAQELLAF | ||||||
Repeat | 85-117 | |||||
Sequence: HKELQETSQQFLSATAQARIAQAEKQAQELLAF | ||||||
Repeat | 118-150 | |||||
Sequence: YQEVRETSQQFLSATAQARIAQAEKQAQELLAF | ||||||
Repeat | 151-183 | |||||
Sequence: HKELQETSQQFLSATADARTAQAKEQKESLLKF |
Domain
The tandem repeats probably bind across adjacent GvpA ribs with each repeat contacting 5 GvpA subunits, stiffening the vesicle.
Sequence similarities
Belongs to the gas vesicle GvpC family.
Keywords
- Domain
Family and domain databases
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Length193
- Mass (Da)21,986
- Last updated1989-07-01 v1
- ChecksumE507CE4BF3927E32
Mass Spectrometry
Keywords
- Technical term