P04351 · IL2_MOUSE
- ProteinInterleukin-2
- GeneIl2
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Organism
- Amino acids169 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at protein level
- Annotation score5/5
Function
function
Cytokine produced by activated CD4-positive helper T-cells and to a lesser extend activated CD8-positive T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells that plays pivotal roles in the immune response and tolerance (PubMed:14614860, PubMed:9814585).
Binds to a receptor complex composed of either the high-affinity trimeric IL-2R (IL2RA/CD25, IL2RB/CD122 and IL2RG/CD132) or the low-affinity dimeric IL-2R (IL2RB and IL2RG). Interaction with the receptor leads to oligomerization and conformation changes in the IL-2R subunits resulting in downstream signaling starting with phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3. In turn, JAK1 and JAK3 phosphorylate the receptor to form a docking site leading to the phosphorylation of several substrates including STAT5 (PubMed:14614860, PubMed:27018889).
This process leads to activation of several pathways including STAT, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase/MAPK pathways. Functions as a T-cell growth factor and can increase NK-cell cytolytic activity as well. Promotes strong proliferation of activated B-cells and subsequently immunoglobulin production. Plays a pivotal role in regulating the adaptive immune system by controlling the survival and proliferation of regulatory T-cells, which are required for the maintenance of immune tolerance (PubMed:14614860).
Moreover, participates in the differentiation and homeostasis of effector T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 as well as memory CD8-positive T-cells (PubMed:9814585).
Binds to a receptor complex composed of either the high-affinity trimeric IL-2R (IL2RA/CD25, IL2RB/CD122 and IL2RG/CD132) or the low-affinity dimeric IL-2R (IL2RB and IL2RG). Interaction with the receptor leads to oligomerization and conformation changes in the IL-2R subunits resulting in downstream signaling starting with phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3. In turn, JAK1 and JAK3 phosphorylate the receptor to form a docking site leading to the phosphorylation of several substrates including STAT5 (PubMed:14614860, PubMed:27018889).
This process leads to activation of several pathways including STAT, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase/MAPK pathways. Functions as a T-cell growth factor and can increase NK-cell cytolytic activity as well. Promotes strong proliferation of activated B-cells and subsequently immunoglobulin production. Plays a pivotal role in regulating the adaptive immune system by controlling the survival and proliferation of regulatory T-cells, which are required for the maintenance of immune tolerance (PubMed:14614860).
Moreover, participates in the differentiation and homeostasis of effector T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 as well as memory CD8-positive T-cells (PubMed:9814585).
GO annotations
all annotations | all molecular function | virus receptor activity | dna binding | rna binding | cytoskeletal motor activity | catalytic activity | gtpase activity | structural molecule activity | transporter activity | cytoskeletal protein binding | lipid binding | cyclase activity | antioxidant activity | oxidoreductase activity | transferase activity | hydrolase activity | lyase activity | isomerase activity | ligase activity | protein tag activity | cargo receptor activity | histone binding | protein folding chaperone | translation regulator activity | nutrient reservoir activity | receptor ligand activity | molecular transducer activity | molecular adaptor activity | toxin activity | cell adhesion mediator activity | molecular function regulator activity | virus coreceptor activity | catalytic activity, acting on a protein | catalytic activity, acting on dna | catalytic activity, acting on rna | molecular carrier activity | transcription regulator activity | general transcription initiation factor activity | molecular sensor activity | molecular sequestering activity | atp-dependent activity | other molecular function | all biological process | mitotic cell cycle | cytokinesis | cytoplasmic translation | immune system process | muscle system process | circulatory system process | renal system process | respiratory system process | carbohydrate metabolic process | generation of precursor metabolites and energy | dna replication | dna repair | dna recombination | chromatin organization | dna-templated transcription | regulation of dna-templated transcription | trna metabolic process | protein folding | protein glycosylation | amino acid metabolic process | modified amino acid metabolic process | lipid metabolic process | vitamin metabolic process | sulfur compound metabolic process | intracellular protein transport | nucleocytoplasmic transport | autophagy | inflammatory response | mitochondrion organization | cytoskeleton organization | microtubule-based movement | peroxisome organization | lysosome organization | chromosome segregation | cell adhesion | establishment or maintenance of cell polarity | programmed cell death | photosynthesis | mrna metabolic process | snrna metabolic process | vesicle-mediated transport | reproductive process | digestive system process | signaling | cell differentiation | protein catabolic process | extracellular matrix organization | regulatory ncrna-mediated gene silencing | telomere organization | cell junction organization | wound healing | ribosome biogenesis | cilium organization | anatomical structure development | cell motility | nervous system process | endocrine process | protein maturation | transmembrane transport | nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process | hepaticobiliary system process | membrane organization | protein-containing complex assembly | cell wall organization or biogenesis | nitrogen cycle metabolic process | protein localization to plasma membrane | defense response to other organism | detoxification | meiotic nuclear division | mitotic nuclear division | mitochondrial gene expression | carbohydrate derivative metabolic process | other biological process | all cellular component | nuclear chromosome | extracellular region | extracellular space | cell wall | nucleus | nuclear envelope | nucleoplasm | chromosome | nucleolus | mitochondrion | lysosome | endosome | vacuole | peroxisome | endoplasmic reticulum | golgi apparatus | lipid droplet | microtubule organizing center | cytosol | ribosome | cytoskeleton | plasma membrane | cilium | plastid | thylakoid | external encapsulating structure | extracellular matrix | cytoplasmic vesicle | organelle | other cellular component | |||
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Keywords
- Molecular function
- Biological process
Enzyme and pathway databases
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameInterleukin-2
- Short namesIL-2
- Alternative names
Gene names
Organism names
- Organism
- Strains
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Metazoa > Chordata > Craniata > Vertebrata > Euteleostomi > Mammalia > Eutheria > Euarchontoglires > Glires > Rodentia > Myomorpha > Muroidea > Muridae > Murinae > Mus > Mus
Accessions
- Primary accessionP04351
- Secondary accessions
Proteomes
Organism-specific databases
Subcellular Location
Phenotypes & Variants
Disruption phenotype
Mutant mice exhibit lethal autoimmunity and are impaired in regulatory T-cell production. After 4 to 5 weeks of birth, they develop a thymic disorder resulting in the disruption of thymocyte maturation.
Features
Showing features for natural variant.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural variant | 26 | in strain: RF/J and CAST/Ei | ||||
Sequence: S → P | ||||||
Natural variant | 30 | in strain: RF/J | ||||
Sequence: S → P | ||||||
Natural variant | 32-38 | in strain: RF/J | ||||
Sequence: AEAQQQQ → SSSTAEA | ||||||
Natural variant | 32-39 | in strain: CAST/Ei | ||||
Sequence: AEAQQQQQ → SSSTAEA |
Variants
We now provide the "Disease & Variants" viewer in its own tab.
The viewer provides 18 variants from UniProt as well as other sources including ClinVar and dbSNP.
Chemistry
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for signal, chain, glycosylation, disulfide bond.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Signal | 1-20 | |||||
Sequence: MYSMQLASCVTLTLVLLVNS | ||||||
Chain | PRO_0000015493 | 21-169 | Interleukin-2 | |||
Sequence: APTSSSTSSSTAEAQQQQQQQQQQQQHLEQLLMDLQELLSRMENYRNLKLPRMLTFKFYLPKQATELKDLQCLEDELGPLRHVLDLTQSKSFQLEDAENFISNIRVTVVKLKGSDNTFECQFDDESATVVDFLRRWIAFCQSIISTSPQ | ||||||
Glycosylation | 23 | O-linked (GalNAc...) threonine | ||||
Sequence: T | ||||||
Disulfide bond | 92↔140 | |||||
Sequence: CLEDELGPLRHVLDLTQSKSFQLEDAENFISNIRVTVVKLKGSDNTFEC |
Keywords
- PTM
Proteomic databases
PTM databases
Expression
Tissue specificity
Produced by immune cells including dendritic cells. In contrast, macrophages do not produce IL2 upon bacterial stimulation.
Induction
By bacterial infection.
Gene expression databases
Structure
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
- Length169
- Mass (Da)19,400
- Last updated1987-03-20 v1
- ChecksumB3B17644F6EF83CA
Features
Showing features for sequence conflict.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sequence conflict | 108 | in Ref. 4; AAA39281 | ||||
Sequence: Q → E |
Polymorphism
The poly-Gln region is highly polymorphic.
Keywords
- Technical term
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
X01663 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | CAA25823.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
X01664 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | CAA25824.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
X01665 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | CAA25825.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
X01772 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | CAA25909.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
K02292 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAA39289.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
M16762 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAA39281.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
M16760 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAA39281.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
M16761 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAA39281.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
AF195956 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAF32272.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
AF065914 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAD25890.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
AL662823 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | - | Genomic DNA | No translation available. | |
X66058 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | CAA46854.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA | ||
L07574 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAA39326.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA | ||
L07576 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | AAA39328.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA |