P02291 · H2BS2_PARAN
- ProteinHistone H2B.2, sperm
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Amino acids144 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at protein level
- Annotation score4/5
Function
function
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
GO annotations
all annotations | all molecular function | virus receptor activity | dna binding | rna binding | cytoskeletal motor activity | catalytic activity | gtpase activity | structural molecule activity | transporter activity | cytoskeletal protein binding | lipid binding | cyclase activity | antioxidant activity | oxidoreductase activity | transferase activity | hydrolase activity | lyase activity | isomerase activity | ligase activity | protein tag activity | cargo receptor activity | histone binding | protein folding chaperone | translation regulator activity | nutrient reservoir activity | receptor ligand activity | molecular transducer activity | molecular adaptor activity | toxin activity | cell adhesion mediator activity | molecular function regulator activity | virus coreceptor activity | catalytic activity, acting on a protein | catalytic activity, acting on dna | catalytic activity, acting on rna | molecular carrier activity | transcription regulator activity | general transcription initiation factor activity | molecular sensor activity | molecular sequestering activity | atp-dependent activity | other molecular function | all biological process | mitotic cell cycle | cytokinesis | cytoplasmic translation | immune system process | muscle system process | circulatory system process | renal system process | respiratory system process | carbohydrate metabolic process | generation of precursor metabolites and energy | dna replication | dna repair | dna recombination | chromatin organization | dna-templated transcription | regulation of dna-templated transcription | trna metabolic process | protein folding | protein glycosylation | amino acid metabolic process | modified amino acid metabolic process | lipid metabolic process | vitamin metabolic process | sulfur compound metabolic process | intracellular protein transport | nucleocytoplasmic transport | autophagy | inflammatory response | mitochondrion organization | cytoskeleton organization | microtubule-based movement | peroxisome organization | lysosome organization | chromosome segregation | cell adhesion | establishment or maintenance of cell polarity | programmed cell death | photosynthesis | mrna metabolic process | snrna metabolic process | vesicle-mediated transport | reproductive process | digestive system process | signaling | cell differentiation | protein catabolic process | extracellular matrix organization | regulatory ncrna-mediated gene silencing | telomere organization | cell junction organization | wound healing | ribosome biogenesis | cilium organization | anatomical structure development | cell motility | nervous system process | endocrine process | protein maturation | transmembrane transport | nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process | hepaticobiliary system process | membrane organization | protein-containing complex assembly | cell wall organization or biogenesis | nitrogen cycle metabolic process | protein localization to plasma membrane | defense response to other organism | detoxification | meiotic nuclear division | mitotic nuclear division | mitochondrial gene expression | carbohydrate derivative metabolic process | other biological process | all cellular component | nuclear chromosome | extracellular region | extracellular space | cell wall | nucleus | nuclear envelope | nucleoplasm | chromosome | nucleolus | mitochondrion | lysosome | endosome | vacuole | peroxisome | endoplasmic reticulum | golgi apparatus | lipid droplet | microtubule organizing center | cytosol | ribosome | cytoskeleton | plasma membrane | cilium | plastid | thylakoid | external encapsulating structure | extracellular matrix | cytoplasmic vesicle | organelle | other cellular component | |||
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Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Cellular Component | nucleosome | |
Cellular Component | nucleus | |
Molecular Function | DNA binding | |
Molecular Function | protein heterodimerization activity | |
Molecular Function | structural constituent of chromatin |
Keywords
- Molecular function
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameHistone H2B.2, sperm
Organism names
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Metazoa > Echinodermata > Eleutherozoa > Echinozoa > Echinoidea > Euechinoidea > Echinacea > Camarodonta > Echinidea > Echinidae > Parechinus
Accessions
- Primary accessionP02291
Subcellular Location
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for initiator methionine, chain, modified residue, glycosylation, cross-link.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initiator methionine | 1 | Removed | ||||
Sequence: M | ||||||
Chain | PRO_0000071889 | 2-144 | Histone H2B.2, sperm | |||
Sequence: PRSPAKTSPRKGSPRKGSPSRKASPKRGGKGAKRAGKGGRRRRVVKRRRRRRESYGIYIYKVLKQVHPDTGISSRAMSVMNSFVNDVFERIAGEASRLTSANRRSTVSSREIQTAVRLLLPGELAKHAVSEGTKAVTKYTTSR | ||||||
Modified residue | 14 | Phosphoserine | ||||
Sequence: S | ||||||
Modified residue | 19 | Phosphoserine | ||||
Sequence: S | ||||||
Modified residue | 25 | Phosphoserine | ||||
Sequence: S | ||||||
Glycosylation | 131 | O-linked (GlcNAc) serine | ||||
Sequence: S | ||||||
Cross-link | 139 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin) | ||||
Sequence: K |
Post-translational modification
Monoubiquitination of Lys-139 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for histone H3 'Lys-4' and 'Lys-79' methylation.
Phosphorylated on SPKK motifs 3, 4 and 5; which may regulate DNA binding. Dephosphorylated during maturation of spermatids to mature sperm and rephosphorylated at fertilization (By similarity).
Keywords
- PTM
Interaction
Subunit
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
Structure
Family & Domains
Features
Showing features for region, motif, compositional bias.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | 1-51 | Disordered | ||||
Sequence: MPRSPAKTSPRKGSPRKGSPSRKASPKRGGKGAKRAGKGGRRRRVVKRRRR | ||||||
Motif | 4-7 | SPKK motif 1 | ||||
Sequence: SPAK | ||||||
Motif | 9-12 | SPKK motif 2 | ||||
Sequence: SPRK | ||||||
Motif | 14-17 | SPKK motif 3 | ||||
Sequence: SPRK | ||||||
Compositional bias | 16-51 | Basic residues | ||||
Sequence: RKGSPSRKASPKRGGKGAKRAGKGGRRRRVVKRRRR | ||||||
Motif | 19-22 | SPKK motif 4 | ||||
Sequence: SPSR | ||||||
Motif | 25-28 | SPKK motif 5 | ||||
Sequence: SPKR |
Domain
Contains 5 SPKK motifs which may interact with the minor groove of A/T-rich DNA sites. Phosphorylation of this motif may regulate DNA binding. This motif is reiterated in both termini of histone H1 and in the C-terminus of plant H2A, but its presence in the N-terminus seems to be unique to sea urchin histones H2B.
Sequence similarities
Belongs to the histone H2B family.
Family and domain databases
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Length144
- Mass (Da)15,963
- Last updated2007-01-23 v2
- ChecksumFA18B8158D074BDC
Features
Showing features for compositional bias.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compositional bias | 16-51 | Basic residues | ||||
Sequence: RKGSPSRKASPKRGGKGAKRAGKGGRRRRVVKRRRR |
Keywords
- Technical term