Prodynorphin (PDYN) gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with methamphetamine use disorder changes in PDYN serum levels in withdrawal and the relationship between PDYN temperament and depression.
In this meta-analysis a significant association was found between rs1022563 prodynorphin gene polymorphism and opioid dependence among Asian populations.
Absolute expression levels of PDYN were lower compared to those of OPRK1 suggesting that PDYN expression is a limiting factor in the DYN/KOR signaling and that the PDYN downregulation diminishes efficacy of DYN/KOR signaling in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics.
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