Insight into the expression of RIG-I-like receptors in human third trimester placentas following ex vivo cytomegalovirus or vesicular stomatitis virus infection.
The current study establishes that hypoxia can profoundly influence the inducible RIG-I protein expression in malignant cells of both human and murine origin whereas this phenomenon was not identified in nonmalignant cell lines or primary cells.
These results showed that mRNA levels of MDA5 and RIG-1 were significantly decreased and increased respectively in chronic hepatitis B patients when compared to healthy controls.
Data show that microRNA-136 (miRNA-136) antagonized H5N1 influenza A virus replication and as an interleukin 6 (IL-6) repressor simultaneously as an immune trigger of retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) signaling.
HepaRG cells express a similar pattern of functional TLR/RLR as compared to PHH thus qualifying HepaRG cells as a surrogate model to study pathogen interactions within a hepatocyte innate system.
COPD patients had higher interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-8 mRNA expression levels and these inflammatory cytokines positively correlate with MDA-5 levels. However there was no difference in the expression of RIG-I between COPD patients and control subjects.
mRNA and corresponding protein expression of TLR3 TLR7 TLR9 RIG-I and MDA-5 were analyzed in nasal biopsies and various upper airway epithelial cell lines.
In controls RNF125 is the highest expressed gene whereas in HIV infection progressors RIG-I is either the highest expressed gene or is expressed similarly to RNF125 and TRIM25.
Data show that RIG-I mRNA and protein are expressed in HeLa cells stimulated with IFN-gamma and that RNA interference against RIG-I results in the suppression of IFN-gamma-induced CXCL11 expression.
Our results show that PAMP receptors TLR3 TLR7 and RIG-I mRNA levels are significantly down-regulated in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection when compared with healthy controls.
RIG-I might operate not only as a RNA helicase but also as a mediator of the cytokine network in the inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis vulgaris
In conclusion our results show that in epithelial cells influenza A virus-induced antiviral cytokine gene expression is triggered by RIG-I and mda-5 whose expression is positively regulated by IFN-alpha.
Although the physiological function of RIG-I is still unknown induction of RIG-I by IFN-gamma may play an important role in inflammatory or immunological reactions in endothelial cells.
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