E2DWQ7 · A3AKI_PHYIN
- ProteinRxLR effector protein Avr3a
- GeneAvr3a
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Amino acids147 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at protein level
- Annotation score5/5
Function
function
Multifunctional effector that can suppress host BAK1/SERK3-mediated immunity through at least two different pathways (PubMed:19794118, PubMed:20457921, PubMed:21348873, PubMed:26348328).
Manipulates plant immunity by targeting and stabilizing host E3 ligase CMPG1. Preventing the normal 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of potato CMPG1, and thus potentially of its protein substrates in the host cell, further abolishes host cell death during the biotrophic phase of infection (PubMed:19794118, PubMed:20457921, PubMed:21348873).
Associates also with the dynamin-related protein 2 (DRP2), a plant GTPase involved in immune receptor-mediated endocytosis (PubMed:26348328).
The Avr3A(KI) form is recognized by R3a which triggers R3a-mediated hypersensitivity and suppresses INF1-induced cell death (PubMed:15894622, PubMed:16965554, PubMed:19245321).
Manipulates plant immunity by targeting and stabilizing host E3 ligase CMPG1. Preventing the normal 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of potato CMPG1, and thus potentially of its protein substrates in the host cell, further abolishes host cell death during the biotrophic phase of infection (PubMed:19794118, PubMed:20457921, PubMed:21348873).
Associates also with the dynamin-related protein 2 (DRP2), a plant GTPase involved in immune receptor-mediated endocytosis (PubMed:26348328).
The Avr3A(KI) form is recognized by R3a which triggers R3a-mediated hypersensitivity and suppresses INF1-induced cell death (PubMed:15894622, PubMed:16965554, PubMed:19245321).
Miscellaneous
The AVR3a protein of Phytophthora infestans is a polymorphic member of the RXLR class of cytoplasmic effectors with dual functions. Avr3A(KI) but not Avr3a(EM) activates innate immunity triggered by the potato resistance protein R3a and is a strong suppressor of the cell-death response induced by INF1 elicitin, a secreted P.infestans protein that has features of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The 2 polymorphic residues between AVR3a(KI) and Avr3a(EM) are localized at positions 80 and 103, respectively.
Features
Showing features for site.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site | 47-48 | Cleavage | ||||
Sequence: RK |
GO annotations
Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Cellular Component | extracellular region | |
Cellular Component | host cell endosome |
Keywords
- Biological process
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameRxLR effector protein Avr3a
- Alternative names
Gene names
Organism names
- Strain
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Sar > Stramenopiles > Oomycota > Peronosporales > Peronosporaceae > Phytophthora
Accessions
- Primary accessionE2DWQ7
Organism-specific databases
Subcellular Location
UniProt Annotation
GO Annotation
Note: Avr3A(KI), but not Avr3A(EM), is relocalized to endosomes in the presence of R3a.
Keywords
- Cellular component
Phenotypes & Variants
Features
Showing features for mutagenesis.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mutagenesis | 44-47 | Prevents delivery of Avr3a into host cells. | ||||
Sequence: RLLR → AAAA | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 57-59 | Prevents delivery of Avr3a into host cells. | ||||
Sequence: EER → AAA | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 81 | Does not affect PIP-binding. | ||||
Sequence: R → E | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 85 | Reduces the PIP-binding ability. | ||||
Sequence: K → E | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 86 | Does not affect PIP-binding. | ||||
Sequence: K → E | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 89 | Reduces the PIP-binding ability. | ||||
Sequence: K → E | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 147 | Prevents the interaction with host CMPG1. | ||||
Sequence: Missing |
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for signal, chain, modified residue.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Signal | 1-21 | |||||
Sequence: MRLAIMLSATAVAINFATCSA | ||||||
Chain | PRO_5013522507 | 22-147 | RxLR effector protein Avr3a | |||
Sequence: IDQTKVLVYGTPAHYIHDSAGRRLLRKNEENEETSEERAPNFNLANLNEEMFNVAALTKRADAKKLAKQLMGNDKLADAAYIWWQHNRVTLDQIDTFLKLASRKTQGAKYNQIYNSYMMHLGLTGY | ||||||
Modified residue | 48 | N6-acetyllysine | ||||
Sequence: K |
Post-translational modification
Proteolytically cleaved. The cleavage site directly after the RxLR sequence and the high conservation among other effector proteins suggest that the RxLR motif might play a crucial role in the intracellular processing before secretion.
glycosylated.
N-acetylated at Lys-48 after cleavage.
Keywords
- PTM
PTM databases
Expression
Induction
Expression is induced during host plant infection.
Structure
Family & Domains
Features
Showing features for motif, region.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Motif | 44-59 | RxLR-dEER | ||||
Sequence: RLLRKNEENEETSEER | ||||||
Region | 77-147 | Effector domain | ||||
Sequence: ALTKRADAKKLAKQLMGNDKLADAAYIWWQHNRVTLDQIDTFLKLASRKTQGAKYNQIYNSYMMHLGLTGY |
Domain
The RxLR-dEER motif is required for the delivery of the effector to the host cell cytoplasm but does not bind phosphatidylinositol monophosphates (PubMed:17914356, PubMed:21821794, PubMed:22977236).
The motif is cleaved after the RxLR sequence (PubMed:28522546).
The RxLR motif (residues 44 to 47) plays a crucial role in the intracellular processing before secretion (PubMed:28522546).
The Glu-rich part localized just after the cleavage site (residues 48 to 59) is required for homodimerization (PubMed:28522546).
The motif is cleaved after the RxLR sequence (PubMed:28522546).
The RxLR motif (residues 44 to 47) plays a crucial role in the intracellular processing before secretion (PubMed:28522546).
The Glu-rich part localized just after the cleavage site (residues 48 to 59) is required for homodimerization (PubMed:28522546).
The conserved, positively charged effector domain (residues 77 to 147), rather than the RXLR domain, is required for binding to phosphatidylinositol monophosphates (PIPs). PIP binding is necessary for accumulation of CMPG1 and Avr3a in host plants.
Sequence similarities
Belongs to the RxLR effector family.
Keywords
- Domain
Family and domain databases
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
- Length147
- Mass (Da)16,658
- Last updated2010-11-30 v1
- Checksum1D9D02E2F11E8C45
Keywords
- Technical term