E2DWQ7 · A3AKI_PHYIN

Function

function

Multifunctional effector that can suppress host BAK1/SERK3-mediated immunity through at least two different pathways (PubMed:19794118, PubMed:20457921, PubMed:21348873, PubMed:26348328).
Manipulates plant immunity by targeting and stabilizing host E3 ligase CMPG1. Preventing the normal 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of potato CMPG1, and thus potentially of its protein substrates in the host cell, further abolishes host cell death during the biotrophic phase of infection (PubMed:19794118, PubMed:20457921, PubMed:21348873).
Associates also with the dynamin-related protein 2 (DRP2), a plant GTPase involved in immune receptor-mediated endocytosis (PubMed:26348328).
The Avr3A(KI) form is recognized by R3a which triggers R3a-mediated hypersensitivity and suppresses INF1-induced cell death (PubMed:15894622, PubMed:16965554, PubMed:19245321).

Miscellaneous

The AVR3a protein of Phytophthora infestans is a polymorphic member of the RXLR class of cytoplasmic effectors with dual functions. Avr3A(KI) but not Avr3a(EM) activates innate immunity triggered by the potato resistance protein R3a and is a strong suppressor of the cell-death response induced by INF1 elicitin, a secreted P.infestans protein that has features of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The 2 polymorphic residues between AVR3a(KI) and Avr3a(EM) are localized at positions 80 and 103, respectively.

Features

Showing features for site.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Site47-48Cleavage

GO annotations

AspectTerm
Cellular Componentextracellular region
Cellular Componenthost cell endosome

Keywords

Names & Taxonomy

Protein names

  • Recommended name
    RxLR effector protein Avr3a
  • Alternative names
    • Avirulence protein 3a

Gene names

    • Name
      Avr3a
    • Synonyms
      Avr3A(KI)

Organism names

Accessions

  • Primary accession
    E2DWQ7

Organism-specific databases

Subcellular Location

Secreted
Host cytoplasm
Host endosome
Note: Avr3A(KI), but not Avr3A(EM), is relocalized to endosomes in the presence of R3a.

Keywords

Phenotypes & Variants

Features

Showing features for mutagenesis.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Mutagenesis44-47Prevents delivery of Avr3a into host cells.
Mutagenesis57-59Prevents delivery of Avr3a into host cells.
Mutagenesis81Does not affect PIP-binding.
Mutagenesis85Reduces the PIP-binding ability.
Mutagenesis86Does not affect PIP-binding.
Mutagenesis89Reduces the PIP-binding ability.
Mutagenesis147Prevents the interaction with host CMPG1.

PTM/Processing

Features

Showing features for signal, chain, modified residue.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Signal1-21
ChainPRO_501352250722-147RxLR effector protein Avr3a
Modified residue48N6-acetyllysine

Post-translational modification

Proteolytically cleaved. The cleavage site directly after the RxLR sequence and the high conservation among other effector proteins suggest that the RxLR motif might play a crucial role in the intracellular processing before secretion.
glycosylated.
N-acetylated at Lys-48 after cleavage.

Keywords

PTM databases

Expression

Induction

Expression is induced during host plant infection.

Interaction

Subunit

Forms homodimers via the RxLR-dEER motif (PubMed:22977236, PubMed:28522546).
Interacts with host E3 ligase CMPG1 (PubMed:20457921).
Interacts with host DRP2 (PubMed:26348328).

Family & Domains

Features

Showing features for motif, region.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Motif44-59RxLR-dEER
Region77-147Effector domain

Domain

The RxLR-dEER motif is required for the delivery of the effector to the host cell cytoplasm but does not bind phosphatidylinositol monophosphates (PubMed:17914356, PubMed:21821794, PubMed:22977236).
The motif is cleaved after the RxLR sequence (PubMed:28522546).
The RxLR motif (residues 44 to 47) plays a crucial role in the intracellular processing before secretion (PubMed:28522546).
The Glu-rich part localized just after the cleavage site (residues 48 to 59) is required for homodimerization (PubMed:28522546).
The conserved, positively charged effector domain (residues 77 to 147), rather than the RXLR domain, is required for binding to phosphatidylinositol monophosphates (PIPs). PIP binding is necessary for accumulation of CMPG1 and Avr3a in host plants.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the RxLR effector family.

Keywords

Family and domain databases

Sequence

  • Sequence status
    Complete
  • Sequence processing
    The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
  • Length
    147
  • Mass (Da)
    16,658
  • Last updated
    2010-11-30 v1
  • Checksum
    1D9D02E2F11E8C45
MRLAIMLSATAVAINFATCSAIDQTKVLVYGTPAHYIHDSAGRRLLRKNEENEETSEERAPNFNLANLNEEMFNVAALTKRADAKKLAKQLMGNDKLADAAYIWWQHNRVTLDQIDTFLKLASRKTQGAKYNQIYNSYMMHLGLTGY

Keywords

Sequence databases

Nucleotide SequenceProtein SequenceMolecule TypeStatus
GU258055
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
ADC96694.1
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
Genomic DNA
KF154426
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
AGV54930.1
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
Genomic DNA
KP317568
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
AKH40249.1
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
Genomic DNA

Similar Proteins

Disclaimer

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