C9K1M9 · ACT22_ALTAL
- ProteinAbhydrolase domain-containing protein ACTT2-2
- GeneACTT2-2
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Amino acids262 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at transcript level
- Annotation score3/5
Function
function
Abhydrolase domain-containing protein; part of the gene clusters that mediate the biosynthesis of the host-selective toxins (HSTs) ACT-toxins responsible for brown spot of tangerine disease by the tangerine pathotype which affects tangerines and mandarins (PubMed:18944496, PubMed:18986255).
ACT-toxins consist of three moieties, 9,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-9-methyl-decatrienoic acid (EDA), valine and a polyketide (PubMed:22846083).
ACT-toxin I is toxic to both citrus and pear; toxin II the 5''-deoxy derivative of ACT-toxin I, is highly toxic to pear and slightly toxic to citrus (PubMed:22846083).
On cellular level, ACT-toxins affect plasma membrane of susceptible cells and cause a sudden increase in loss of K+ after a few minutes of toxin treatment (PubMed:22846083).
The acyl-CoA ligase ACTT1, the hydrolase ACTT2, the enoyl-CoA hydratases ACTT3 and ACTT6, and the acyl-CoA synthetase ACTT5 are all involved in the biosynthesis of the AK-, AF- and ACT-toxin common 9,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-9-methyl-decatrienoic acid (EDA) structural moiety (PubMed:18944496, PubMed:18986255, PubMed:19271978).
The exact role of each enzyme, and of additional enzymes identified within the AF-toxin clusters have still to be determined (PubMed:18944496, PubMed:18986255, PubMed:19271978).
On the other hand, ACTTS1 to ACTTS4 are specific to the tangerine pathotype (PubMed:22846083).
The function of ACTTS3 is to elongate the polyketide chain portion of ACT-toxin that is unique to this toxin (PubMed:20192828).
The enoyl-reductase ACTTS2 might complement the missing enoyl-reductase (ER) domain in ACTTS3 in the synthesis of the polyketide portion of ACT-toxin (PubMed:20055645).
The roles of the nonribosomal peptide synthetases-related proteins ACTTS1 and ACTTS4 have also still not been elucidated (PubMed:22846083).
ACT-toxins consist of three moieties, 9,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-9-methyl-decatrienoic acid (EDA), valine and a polyketide (PubMed:22846083).
ACT-toxin I is toxic to both citrus and pear; toxin II the 5''-deoxy derivative of ACT-toxin I, is highly toxic to pear and slightly toxic to citrus (PubMed:22846083).
On cellular level, ACT-toxins affect plasma membrane of susceptible cells and cause a sudden increase in loss of K+ after a few minutes of toxin treatment (PubMed:22846083).
The acyl-CoA ligase ACTT1, the hydrolase ACTT2, the enoyl-CoA hydratases ACTT3 and ACTT6, and the acyl-CoA synthetase ACTT5 are all involved in the biosynthesis of the AK-, AF- and ACT-toxin common 9,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-9-methyl-decatrienoic acid (EDA) structural moiety (PubMed:18944496, PubMed:18986255, PubMed:19271978).
The exact role of each enzyme, and of additional enzymes identified within the AF-toxin clusters have still to be determined (PubMed:18944496, PubMed:18986255, PubMed:19271978).
On the other hand, ACTTS1 to ACTTS4 are specific to the tangerine pathotype (PubMed:22846083).
The function of ACTTS3 is to elongate the polyketide chain portion of ACT-toxin that is unique to this toxin (PubMed:20192828).
The enoyl-reductase ACTTS2 might complement the missing enoyl-reductase (ER) domain in ACTTS3 in the synthesis of the polyketide portion of ACT-toxin (PubMed:20055645).
The roles of the nonribosomal peptide synthetases-related proteins ACTTS1 and ACTTS4 have also still not been elucidated (PubMed:22846083).
Miscellaneous
Gene clusters encoding host-selective toxins (HSTs) are localized on conditionally dispensable chromosomes (CDCs), also called supernumerary chromosomes, where they are present in multiple copies (PubMed:18986255).
The CDCs are not essential for saprophytic growth but controls host-selective pathogenicity (PubMed:18986255).
Although conventional disruption of ACTT2 could not be accomplished due to the high number of the copies identified in the genome, the high sequence identity among these copies of ACTT2 is likely an advantage for RNA silencing, because it allows knockdown of all copies of this gene simultaneously (PubMed:18986255).
The CDCs are not essential for saprophytic growth but controls host-selective pathogenicity (PubMed:18986255).
Although conventional disruption of ACTT2 could not be accomplished due to the high number of the copies identified in the genome, the high sequence identity among these copies of ACTT2 is likely an advantage for RNA silencing, because it allows knockdown of all copies of this gene simultaneously (PubMed:18986255).
Pathway
Mycotoxin biosynthesis.
GO annotations
Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Cellular Component | peroxisome | |
Molecular Function | hydrolase activity |
Keywords
- Molecular function
- Biological process
Enzyme and pathway databases
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameAbhydrolase domain-containing protein ACTT2-2
- EC number
- Alternative names
Gene names
Organism names
- Strain
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Fungi > Dikarya > Ascomycota > Pezizomycotina > Dothideomycetes > Pleosporomycetidae > Pleosporales > Pleosporineae > Pleosporaceae > Alternaria > Alternaria sect. Alternaria > Alternaria alternata complex
Accessions
- Primary accessionC9K1M9
Organism-specific databases
Subcellular Location
UniProt Annotation
GO Annotation
Note: The peroxisomal location requires the C-terminal tripeptide peroxisomal targeting signal.
Keywords
- Cellular component
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for chain.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chain | PRO_0000444828 | 1-262 | Abhydrolase domain-containing protein ACTT2-2 | ||
Expression
Induction
Expression is positively regulated by CSN5 during infection.
Structure
Family & Domains
Features
Showing features for motif.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Motif | 260-262 | Peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 | |||
Sequence similarities
Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. AKT2 hydrolase family.
Family and domain databases
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Length262
- Mass (Da)29,589
- Last updated2009-11-24 v1
- Checksum71013A68943826A7
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AB432916 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | BAI44323.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA |