A0A1P8VF85 · PIGH_MONRU

  • Protein
    Dehydrogenase pigH
  • Gene
    pigH
  • Status
    UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
  • Amino acids
  • Protein existence
    Evidence at protein level
  • Annotation score
    3/5

Function

function

Dehydrogenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs), a complex mixture of compounds with a common azaphilone skeleton very widely used as food colorants (PubMed:26946170, PubMed:28959415, PubMed:34220766).
Within the pathway, pigH might be involved in the late steps of yellow pigments monascin and ankaflavin biosynthesis (PubMed:28959415).
The first step of the pathway is performed by the nrPKS pigA that forms the hexaketide precursor from successive condensations of five malonyl-CoA units, with a simple acetyl-CoA starter unit. The role of esterase pigG is not clear, but it may play at most a supplementary role in the formation of the benzaldehyde produced by the pigA nrPKS. This very reactive benzaldehyde is intercepted by the pigC ketoreductase that to provide the first stable enzyme-free MonAzPs intermediate, 6-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopentyl)-3-methyl-2,4-dioxocyclohexane carbaldehyde, also known as M7PKS-1. The FAD-dependent monooxygenase pigN hydroxylates M7PKS-1 at C-4, which triggers the formation of the pyran ring. PigJ, pigK and pigD are involved in the acetylation of the pyran ring. PigJ and pigK form the two subunits of a dedicated fungal FAS that produces the side chain fatty acyl moiety of MonAzPs and pigD transfers the fatty acyl chain to the C-4 alcohol. PigM and pigO are involved in the elimination of the omega-1 alcohol. PigM acts as an O-acetyltransferase that synthesizes the putative O-11 acetyl intermediate whereas pigO eliminates acetic acid to yield an intermediate with a C1011 double bond. The dehydration of the C-11 alcohol followed by the reduction of the C67 double bond by the NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase pigE increases the electrophilicity of the C-5 ketone of the resulting acyl benzopyran. This in turn sets up the C-5 ketone for an intramolecular Knoevenagel aldol condensation with the C-20 enol of the side chain. This condensation affords the characteristic linear tricyclic carbon skeletons of the yellow pigments that serve as the common precursors for the classical yellow pigments monascin and ankaflavin, orange pigments rubopunctatin and monascorubrin, and red pigments ribropunctamine and monascorubramine. The FAD-dependent oxidoreductase pigF is especially invoved in the biosynthesis of orange and red pigments via desaturation of C67 (PubMed:28959415).

Biotechnology

As colorants, MonAzPs are widely used in various food products for centuries (PubMed:37087240).
Moreover, MonAzPs also possess wide-ranging biological activities such as antibacterial activity, preventing hypertension, lowering cholesterol levels, causing hypolipidemic effects, and displaying antiobesity and antitumor activities (PubMed:16283302, PubMed:16660141, PubMed:17191930, PubMed:20666456, PubMed:22562164).

Pathway

Secondary metabolite biosynthesis.

Features

Showing features for binding site.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Binding site44-49NADP+ (UniProtKB | ChEBI)
Binding site197-200NADP+ (UniProtKB | ChEBI)
Binding site215NADP+ (UniProtKB | ChEBI)
Binding site360-361NADP+ (UniProtKB | ChEBI)

GO annotations

AspectTerm
Cellular Componentmembrane
Molecular Functionnucleotide binding
Molecular Functionoxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H
Molecular Functionpigment binding

Keywords

Enzyme and pathway databases

Names & Taxonomy

Protein names

  • Recommended name
    Dehydrogenase pigH
  • EC number
  • Alternative names
    • Azaphilone pigments biosynthesis cluster protein H

Gene names

    • Name
      pigH

Organism names

  • Taxonomic identifier
  • Strains
    • M7
    • CGMCC 3.19587
  • Taxonomic lineage
    Eukaryota > Fungi > Dikarya > Ascomycota > Pezizomycotina > Eurotiomycetes > Eurotiomycetidae > Eurotiales > Aspergillaceae > Monascus

Accessions

  • Primary accession
    A0A1P8VF85

Subcellular Location

Membrane
; Single-pass membrane protein

Features

Showing features for transmembrane.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Transmembrane280-300Helical

Keywords

Phenotypes & Variants

PTM/Processing

Features

Showing features for chain, glycosylation.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
ChainPRO_00004602151-369Dehydrogenase pigH
Glycosylation79N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine
Glycosylation101N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine

Keywords

Expression

Induction

Expression is positively regulated by the azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs) gene cluster-specific transcription regulator pigB.

Family & Domains

Features

Showing features for domain.

TypeIDPosition(s)Description
Domain13-367Enoyl reductase (ER)

Sequence similarities

Keywords

Family and domain databases

Sequence

  • Sequence status
    Complete
  • Length
    369
  • Mass (Da)
    39,423
  • Last updated
    2017-04-12 v1
  • Checksum
    B2ADADF98A913F2B
MPTNRAAWQPAKKAPLLEVKAAPYPPPKANRIVVKNGAVAVNPIDWLIQSKGDIMFTWLKYPFVLGSDVAGEVVEVGKNVTRFQVGDRVLGFARGTDEKVNDSSEGAFQEYTVLVPDLTAHIPSSLSFESAAVIPLGLATAGAGLFQQDQLGLQLPTSPARPPTGQTVLIWGGSTSVGSNAIQLAVAAGYEVFTTASRKNFEYAAKLGAAKVFDYRSGSVTQDIIRAFKGRTSAGALAIGQGGAEACMEVLDHVQGRKFIALASYPVPQEEPKRLVMLRTIIFFVSWIISFKFKGLLKGIKSNFIFATSVNHNGIGKALFVDFLPDALRAGEFVPAPDAQVAGKGLESIQTAFEQQKQGVSAKKIVVSL

Sequence databases

Nucleotide SequenceProtein SequenceMolecule TypeStatus
KX278308
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
APZ73943.1
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
mRNA
MK764691
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
QGA67186.1
EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ
Genomic DNA

Similar Proteins

Disclaimer

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