Data suggest that MPK9 is autoactivated via phosphorylation independent of any upstream MAPK kinase signaling; autophosphorylation occurs at both threonine and tyrosine residues in Thr-Asp-Tyr motif and in C-terminal regulatory extension.
MPK9 and MPK12 function redundantly downstream of extracellular reactive oxygen production and intracellular accumulation cytosolic alkalisation and Ca(2+)cytosolic oscillation in yeast elcictor-induced stomatal closure
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