A0A0D1E3S6 · MAC1_USTMA
- ProteinAcyl-CoA-dependent acyltransferase MAC1
- GeneMAC1
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Amino acids591 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at protein level
- Annotation score3/5
Function
function
Acyl-CoA-dependent acyltransferase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), surface-active substances that enhance the availability of water-insoluble substrates (PubMed:15932999, PubMed:16885300).
Mannosylerythritol lipid production is responsible for hemolytic activity of Ustilago maydis (PubMed:15932999).
Depending on the number of acetyl groups, mannosylerythritol lipids can be differentiated into MEL A (fully acetylated), MEL B and MEL C (monoacetylated at R-6 and R-4, respectively), and the fully deacetylated MEL D (PubMed:31103599).
The first step in the pathway is the generation of mannosylerythritol by the glycosyltransferase EMT1 which catalyzes the transfer of GDP-mannose to the C-4 atom of meso-erythritol (PubMed:15932999).
This reaction has to be stereospecific, since only mannosyl-D-erythritol is generated (PubMed:15932999).
The produced disaccharide is subsequently acylated with fatty acids of various lengths derived from the peroxisomal beta-oxidation by the peroxisomal acyltransferases MAC1 and MAC2 at positions C-2 and C-3, repectively (PubMed:16885300, PubMed:24835306, PubMed:31103599).
The existence of MEL derivatives which carry an acetyl group at C-2 implies that at least MAC1 also accepts acetyl-CoA as a donor (PubMed:15932999).
The final step of MEL biosynthesis is the acetylation of the fully acylated mannosylerythritol lipids catalyzed by the acetyl-CoA-dependent acetyltransferase MAT1 (PubMed:16885300).
MAT1 displays a relaxed regioselectivity and is able to transfer acetylgroups to both positions C-4 and C-6 of the mannosyl moiety (PubMed:15932999).
Mannosylerythritol lipid production is responsible for hemolytic activity of Ustilago maydis (PubMed:15932999).
Depending on the number of acetyl groups, mannosylerythritol lipids can be differentiated into MEL A (fully acetylated), MEL B and MEL C (monoacetylated at R-6 and R-4, respectively), and the fully deacetylated MEL D (PubMed:31103599).
The first step in the pathway is the generation of mannosylerythritol by the glycosyltransferase EMT1 which catalyzes the transfer of GDP-mannose to the C-4 atom of meso-erythritol (PubMed:15932999).
This reaction has to be stereospecific, since only mannosyl-D-erythritol is generated (PubMed:15932999).
The produced disaccharide is subsequently acylated with fatty acids of various lengths derived from the peroxisomal beta-oxidation by the peroxisomal acyltransferases MAC1 and MAC2 at positions C-2 and C-3, repectively (PubMed:16885300, PubMed:24835306, PubMed:31103599).
The existence of MEL derivatives which carry an acetyl group at C-2 implies that at least MAC1 also accepts acetyl-CoA as a donor (PubMed:15932999).
The final step of MEL biosynthesis is the acetylation of the fully acylated mannosylerythritol lipids catalyzed by the acetyl-CoA-dependent acetyltransferase MAT1 (PubMed:16885300).
MAT1 displays a relaxed regioselectivity and is able to transfer acetylgroups to both positions C-4 and C-6 of the mannosyl moiety (PubMed:15932999).
Biotechnology
MELs not only have high potential as eco-friendly biosurfactants due to their excellent surface activity, but also have attracted considerable recent interest because of thei runique properties, including self-assembly, anti-tumor and cell differentiation induction activities, and moisturizing and hair-repairing properties.
Pathway
Secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
GO annotations
Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Cellular Component | peroxisome | |
Molecular Function | acetyltransferase activity | |
Biological Process | mycotoxin biosynthetic process |
Keywords
- Molecular function
Enzyme and pathway databases
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameAcyl-CoA-dependent acyltransferase MAC1
- EC number
- Alternative names
Gene names
Organism names
- Strain
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Fungi > Dikarya > Basidiomycota > Ustilaginomycotina > Ustilaginomycetes > Ustilaginales > Ustilaginaceae > Ustilago
Accessions
- Primary accessionA0A0D1E3S6
Proteomes
Organism-specific databases
Subcellular Location
Phenotypes & Variants
Disruption phenotype
Abolishes completely the production of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs).
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for chain.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chain | PRO_0000449534 | 1-591 | Acyl-CoA-dependent acyltransferase MAC1 | |||
Sequence: MINNALRTLISSATEQSLDDVLEHEFRTAVQLQQMDQFEWHQVEADLWKRTCLGHEASASFNQNIAHGHTELSLMTSWRVHQPSSSRITGSELELDQLVARVRQAWIQARYLRPEVGVELDTHTDPTVAQTMCYRLLRDEESIQEWLDETFVVKRLGDPGVATPAELCAYTYNRPLATKGKKSMLYLILPRLDDEQRTAYTIWNVSHAVTDGGSLAEVFNTLFQCVIDATPSEPYDSIYTPSAFELNVLPRMPRSVVMAYRQQYQPKPEEIAKAHKVAEVNMRMITEKMGESLALMPSTSWPERKHETVCLCRELEANEVRELLKFAKQVHSGITYLASAATILSAAETFPERKASSKGALVGMVRNARRWISATPLDASLGASTPLGSDAVFLWVPIDTHKTLEPSFSRMQELVTTARHIRHELDKHLTTPHCISSYPYVAESSIQGLNQQWSQIKAVQSPSSSSSQKEIAGIIGAQAPGFSSVGMMRIRPRFEPVSANARASGLWLERTDFTHTGRQINASPWISMFNVDGRIKLQLGFDTKFHEVEKMNQWLDRTVVWMRICAAAAATTSTSVSSTSVDATAPVFARL |
Interaction
Protein-protein interaction databases
Structure
Family & Domains
Features
Showing features for region.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | 589-591 | Peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 | ||||
Sequence: ARL |
Domain
The C-terminal PTS1-type tripeptide peroxisomal targeting signal is required for the import into peroxisomes.
Sequence similarities
Belongs to the trichothecene O-acetyltransferase family.
Phylogenomic databases
Family and domain databases
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Length591
- Mass (Da)66,282
- Last updated2015-04-29 v1
- Checksum6F84D9B60DC83D18
Keywords
- Technical term
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CM003146 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | KIS69145.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA |