A0A075B6R0 · TRGV2_HUMAN
- ProteinT cell receptor gamma variable 2
- GeneTRGV2
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Organism
- Amino acids118 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at protein level
- Annotation score3/5
Function
function
V region of the variable domain of T cell receptor (TR) gamma chain that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447).
Gamma-delta TRs recognize a variety of self and foreign non-peptide antigens frequently expressed at the epithelial boundaries between the host and external environment, including endogenous lipids presented by MH-like protein CD1D and phosphoantigens presented by butyrophilin-like molecule BTN3A1. Upon antigen recognition induces rapid, innate-like immune responses involved in pathogen clearance and tissue repair (PubMed:23348415, PubMed:28920588).
Binding of gamma-delta TR complex to antigen triggers phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in the CD3 chains by the LCK and FYN kinases, allowing the recruitment, phosphorylation, and activation of ZAP70 that facilitates phosphorylation of the scaffolding proteins LCP2 and LAT. This lead to the formation of a supramolecular signalosome that recruits the phospholipase PLCG1, resulting in calcium mobilization and ERK activation, ultimately leading to T cell expansion and differentiation into effector cells (PubMed:25674089).
Gamma-delta TRs are produced through somatic rearrangement of a limited repertoire of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes. The potential diversity of gamma-delta TRs is conferred by the unique ability to rearrange (D) genes in tandem and to utilize all three reading frames. The combinatorial diversity is considerably increased by the sequence exonuclease trimming and random nucleotide (N) region additions which occur during the V-(D)-J rearrangements (PubMed:24387714).
Gamma-delta TRs recognize a variety of self and foreign non-peptide antigens frequently expressed at the epithelial boundaries between the host and external environment, including endogenous lipids presented by MH-like protein CD1D and phosphoantigens presented by butyrophilin-like molecule BTN3A1. Upon antigen recognition induces rapid, innate-like immune responses involved in pathogen clearance and tissue repair (PubMed:23348415, PubMed:28920588).
Binding of gamma-delta TR complex to antigen triggers phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in the CD3 chains by the LCK and FYN kinases, allowing the recruitment, phosphorylation, and activation of ZAP70 that facilitates phosphorylation of the scaffolding proteins LCP2 and LAT. This lead to the formation of a supramolecular signalosome that recruits the phospholipase PLCG1, resulting in calcium mobilization and ERK activation, ultimately leading to T cell expansion and differentiation into effector cells (PubMed:25674089).
Gamma-delta TRs are produced through somatic rearrangement of a limited repertoire of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes. The potential diversity of gamma-delta TRs is conferred by the unique ability to rearrange (D) genes in tandem and to utilize all three reading frames. The combinatorial diversity is considerably increased by the sequence exonuclease trimming and random nucleotide (N) region additions which occur during the V-(D)-J rearrangements (PubMed:24387714).
GO annotations
Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Cellular Component | external side of plasma membrane | |
Cellular Component | T cell receptor complex | |
Biological Process | adaptive immune response | |
Biological Process | innate immune response |
Keywords
- Molecular function
- Biological process
Enzyme and pathway databases
Protein family/group databases
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameT cell receptor gamma variable 2
Gene names
Organism names
- Organism
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Metazoa > Chordata > Craniata > Vertebrata > Euteleostomi > Mammalia > Eutheria > Euarchontoglires > Primates > Haplorrhini > Catarrhini > Hominidae > Homo
Accessions
- Primary accessionA0A075B6R0
Proteomes
Organism-specific databases
Subcellular Location
Disease & Variants
Variants
We now provide the "Disease & Variants" viewer in its own tab.
The viewer provides 27 variants from UniProt as well as other sources including ClinVar and dbSNP.
Organism-specific databases
Genetic variation databases
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for signal, chain, disulfide bond.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Signal | 1-17 | |||||
Sequence: MQWALAVLLAFLSPASQ | ||||||
Chain | PRO_5001705911 | 18-118 | T cell receptor gamma variable 2 | |||
Sequence: KSSNLEGRTKSVIRQTGSSAEITCDLAEGSNGYIHWYLHQEGKAPQRLQYYDSYNSKVVLESGVSPGKYYTYASTRNNLRLILRNLIENDFGVYYCATWDG | ||||||
Disulfide bond | 41↔113 | |||||
Sequence: CDLAEGSNGYIHWYLHQEGKAPQRLQYYDSYNSKVVLESGVSPGKYYTYASTRNNLRLILRNLIENDFGVYYC |
Keywords
- PTM
Proteomic databases
Interaction
Subunit
Gamma-delta TR is a heterodimer composed of a gamma and delta chain; disulfide-linked. The gamma-delta TR is associated with the transmembrane signaling CD3 coreceptor proteins following the stoichiometry: a single gamma-delta TR heterodimer associates with one CD3D-CD3E heterodimer, one CD3G-CD3E heterodimer and one CD247 homodimer forming a stable octameric structure. Upon activation, gamma-delta TR complex associates with FCER1G to initiate intracellular signaling.
Miscellaneous
Structure
Family & Domains
Features
Showing features for domain.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Domain | 18-118 | Ig-like | ||||
Sequence: KSSNLEGRTKSVIRQTGSSAEITCDLAEGSNGYIHWYLHQEGKAPQRLQYYDSYNSKVVLESGVSPGKYYTYASTRNNLRLILRNLIENDFGVYYCATWDG |
Keywords
- Domain
Phylogenomic databases
Family and domain databases
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
- Length118
- Mass (Da)13,310
- Last updated2014-10-01 v1
- ChecksumAAF29960A36B877F
Features
Showing features for non-terminal residue.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-terminal residue | 118 | |||||
Sequence: G |
Polymorphism
There are several alleles. The sequence shown is that of IMGT allele TRGV2*03.
Keywords
- Technical term
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AC007245 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | - | Genomic DNA | No translation available. |