Q2FV59 · CRTM_STAA8
- Protein4,4'-diapophytoene synthase
- GenecrtM
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Amino acids287 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at protein level
- Annotation score4/5
Function
function
Involved in the biosynthesis of the yellow-orange carotenoid staphyloxanthin, which plays a role in the virulence via its protective function against oxidative stress. Catalyzes the head-to-head condensation of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into the colorless C30 carotenoid 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene).
Miscellaneous
CrtM is not functional in a C40 pathway, however independent mutations on Phe-26, Trp-38 or Glu-180 are sufficient to permit the synthesis of C40 carotenoids, such as lycopene and 3,4,3',4'-tetrahydrolycopene, although there is a decrease in the synthesis of C30 compounds. The combination of mutations at Phe-26 and Trp-38 appears to be harmful for the general performance of the enzyme.
Upon coexpression with Erwinia geranylgeranyldiphosphate (GGDP) synthase, CrtM produces novel carotenoids with the asymmetrical C35 backbone, such as 4-apophytoene, and the production of the natural product 4,4'-diapophytoene drops dramatically.
Catalytic activity
- 2 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 2 diphosphate
Cofactor
Note: Binds 2 Mg2+ ions per subunit.
Kinetics
KM | SUBSTRATE | pH | TEMPERATURE[C] | NOTES | EVIDENCE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.2 μM | farnesyl diphosphate |
Vmax | pH | TEMPERATURE[C] | NOTES | EVIDENCE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
176 μM/h/mg |
Pathway
Carotenoid biosynthesis; staphyloxanthin biosynthesis; staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate: step 1/5.
Features
Showing features for binding site.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Binding site | 18-21 | (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate 1 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | ||||
Sequence: HSKS | ||||||
Binding site | 41 | (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate 1 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | ||||
Sequence: Y | ||||||
Binding site | 45 | (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate 1 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | ||||
Sequence: R | ||||||
Binding site | 45 | (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate 2 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | ||||
Sequence: R | ||||||
Binding site | 48 | Mg2+ 1 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | ||||
Sequence: D | ||||||
Binding site | 52 | Mg2+ 1 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | ||||
Sequence: D | ||||||
Binding site | 165 | (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate 2 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | ||||
Sequence: Q | ||||||
Binding site | 168 | Mg2+ 2 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | ||||
Sequence: N | ||||||
Binding site | 171 | (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate 1 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | ||||
Sequence: R | ||||||
Binding site | 172 | Mg2+ 2 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | ||||
Sequence: D | ||||||
Binding site | 248 | (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate 1 (UniProtKB | ChEBI) | ||||
Sequence: Y |
GO annotations
Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Molecular Function | farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase activity | |
Molecular Function | farnesyltranstransferase activity | |
Molecular Function | geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase activity | |
Molecular Function | metal ion binding | |
Biological Process | carotenoid biosynthetic process |
Keywords
- Molecular function
- Biological process
- Ligand
Enzyme and pathway databases
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended name4,4'-diapophytoene synthase
- EC number
- Short namesDAP synthase
- Alternative names
Gene names
Organism names
- Strain
- Taxonomic lineageBacteria > Bacillota > Bacilli > Bacillales > Staphylococcaceae > Staphylococcus
Accessions
- Primary accessionQ2FV59
Proteomes
Phenotypes & Variants
Features
Showing features for mutagenesis.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mutagenesis | 26 | Decrease in C30 carotene synthase activity. C40 carotene synthase activity acquired. | ||||
Sequence: F → A, G, L, or S | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 26 | Decrease in C30 and C40 carotene synthase activities; when associated with A-38 or G-38. | ||||
Sequence: F → A | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 26 | Decrease in C30 and C40 carotene synthase activities; when associated with A-38 or G-38. | ||||
Sequence: F → G | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 38 | Decrease in C30 and C40 carotene synthase activities; when associated with A-26 or G-26. | ||||
Sequence: W → A | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 38 | Decrease in C30 carotene synthase activity. C40 carotene synthase activity acquired. | ||||
Sequence: W → C | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 38 | Decrease in C30 and C40 carotene synthase activities; when associated with A-26 or G-26. | ||||
Sequence: W → G | ||||||
Mutagenesis | 180 | Slight increase in C30 carotene synthase activity. C40 carotene synthase activity acquired. | ||||
Sequence: E → G |
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for chain.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chain | PRO_0000282616 | 1-287 | 4,4'-diapophytoene synthase | |||
Sequence: MTMMDMNFKYCHKIMKKHSKSFSYAFDLLPEDQRKAVWAIYAVCRKIDDSIDVYGDIQFLNQIKEDIQSIEKYPYEHHHFQSDRRIMMALQHVAQHKNIAFQSFYNLIDTVYKDQHFTMFETDAELFGYCYGVAGTVGEVLTPILSDHETHQTYDVARRLGESLQLINILRDVGEDFDNERIYFSKQRLKQYEVDIAEVYQNGVNNHYIDLWEYYAAIAEKDFQDVMDQIKVFSIEAQPIIELAARIYIEILDEVRQANYTLHERVFVDKRKKAKLFHEINSKYHRI |
Proteomic databases
Interaction
Protein-protein interaction databases
Structure
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Length287
- Mass (Da)34,231
- Last updated2006-03-21 v1
- Checksum2407009413D42E63
Keywords
- Technical term
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CP000253 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | ABD31876.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA |