Q4W944 · ENCA_ASPFU
- ProteinAtrochrysone carboxylic acid synthase
- GeneencA
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Amino acids1775 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at protein level
- Annotation score4/5
Function
function
Non-reducing polyketide synthase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of endocrocin, a simple anthraquinone interesting for many biotechnological applications (PubMed:22492455, PubMed:23592999).
The pathway begins with the synthesis of atrochrysone thioester by the polyketide synthase (PKS) encA (PubMed:22492455).
The atrochrysone carboxyl ACP thioesterase encB then breaks the thioester bond and releases the atrochrysone carboxylic acid from encA (PubMed:22492455).
The atrochrysone carboxylic acid is then converted to endocrocin anthrone which is further oxidized into endocrocin by the anthrone oxygenase encC (PubMed:22492455).
The exact function of encD has not been identified yet, but it negatively regulates endocrocin production, likely through the modification of endocrocin itself (PubMed:22492455).
The pathway begins with the synthesis of atrochrysone thioester by the polyketide synthase (PKS) encA (PubMed:22492455).
The atrochrysone carboxyl ACP thioesterase encB then breaks the thioester bond and releases the atrochrysone carboxylic acid from encA (PubMed:22492455).
The atrochrysone carboxylic acid is then converted to endocrocin anthrone which is further oxidized into endocrocin by the anthrone oxygenase encC (PubMed:22492455).
The exact function of encD has not been identified yet, but it negatively regulates endocrocin production, likely through the modification of endocrocin itself (PubMed:22492455).
Catalytic activity
- holo-[ACP] + 8 malonyl-CoA + 8 H+ = atrochrysone carboxyl-[ACP] + 8 CO2 + 8 CoA + 2 H2OThis reaction proceeds in the forward direction.
RHEA-COMP:9685 + 8 CHEBI:57384 + 8 CHEBI:15378 = RHEA-COMP:16552 + 8 CHEBI:16526 + 8 CHEBI:57287 + 2 CHEBI:15377
Biotechnology
Endocrocin and related anthraquinones compounds have interesting activities for medicinal uses, including anti-inflammatory activity (PubMed:20379952).
Pathway
Secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
Features
Showing features for active site.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active site | 564 | For beta-ketoacyl synthase activity | |||
Active site | 699 | For beta-ketoacyl synthase activity | |||
Active site | 740 | For beta-ketoacyl synthase activity | |||
Active site | 1341 | Proton acceptor; for dehydratase activity | |||
Active site | 1532 | Proton donor; for dehydratase activity | |||
GO annotations
Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Molecular Function | fatty acid synthase activity | |
Biological Process | endocrocin biosynthetic process | |
Biological Process | fatty acid biosynthetic process | |
Biological Process | secondary metabolic process | |
Biological Process | secondary metabolite biosynthetic process |
Keywords
- Molecular function
Enzyme and pathway databases
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameAtrochrysone carboxylic acid synthase
- EC number
- Short namesACAS
- Alternative names
Gene names
Organism names
- Strain
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Fungi > Dikarya > Ascomycota > Pezizomycotina > Eurotiomycetes > Eurotiomycetidae > Eurotiales > Aspergillaceae > Aspergillus > Aspergillus subgen. Fumigati
Accessions
- Primary accessionQ4W944
Proteomes
Organism-specific databases
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for chain, modified residue.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chain | PRO_0000437047 | 1-1775 | Atrochrysone carboxylic acid synthase | ||
Modified residue | 1735 | O-(pantetheine 4'-phosphoryl)serine | |||
Keywords
- PTM
Expression
Tissue specificity
Endocrocin is specifically produced in conidia.
Induction
Expression is positively regulated by the transcription factors brlA and laeA (PubMed:26242966).
Interaction
Protein-protein interaction databases
Structure
Family & Domains
Features
Showing features for region, domain.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | 29-258 | N-terminal acylcarrier protein transacylase domain (SAT) | |||
Domain | 391-821 | Ketosynthase family 3 (KS3) | |||
Region | 921-1241 | Malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase (MAT) domain | |||
Region | 1305-1626 | Product template (PT) domain | |||
Region | 1309-1455 | N-terminal hotdog fold | |||
Domain | 1309-1621 | PKS/mFAS DH | |||
Region | 1472-1621 | C-terminal hotdog fold | |||
Region | 1672-1694 | Disordered | |||
Domain | 1698-1775 | Carrier | |||
Domain
Multidomain protein; including a starter unit:ACP transacylase (SAT) that selects the starter unit; a ketosynthase (KS) that catalyzes repeated decarboxylative condensation to elongate the polyketide backbone; a malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase (MAT) that selects and transfers the extender unit malonyl-CoA; a product template (PT) domain that controls the immediate cyclization regioselectivity of the reactive polyketide backbone; and an acyl-carrier protein (ACP) that serves as the tether of the growing and completed polyketide via its phosphopantetheinyl arm (By similarity).
Phylogenomic databases
Family and domain databases
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Length1,775
- Mass (Da)194,076
- Last updated2005-07-05 v1
- Checksum26F725DCAA4E1B11
Keywords
- Technical term
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AAHF01000017 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | EAL84397.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA |