Q76EI6 · FFAR2_RAT
- ProteinFree fatty acid receptor 2
- GeneFfar2
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Organism
- Amino acids330 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at protein level
- Annotation score5/5
Function
function
G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by a major product of dietary fiber digestion, the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and that plays a role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and in intestinal immunity. In omnivorous mammals, the short chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced primarily by the gut microbiome that metabolizes dietary fibers. SCFAs serve as a source of energy but also act as signaling molecules. That G protein-coupled receptor is probably coupled to the pertussis toxin-sensitive, G(i/o)-alpha family of G proteins but also to the Gq family (PubMed:23589301).
Its activation results in the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, the mobilization of intracellular calcium, the phosphorylation of the MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2 kinases and the inhibition of intracellular cAMP accumulation. May play a role in glucose homeostasis by regulating the secretion of GLP-1, in response to short-chain fatty acids accumulating in the intestine. May also regulate the production of LEP/Leptin, a hormone acting on the central nervous system to inhibit food intake. Finally, may also regulate whole-body energy homeostasis through adipogenesis regulating both differentiation and lipid storage of adipocytes. In parallel to its role in energy homeostasis, may also mediate the activation of the inflammatory and immune responses by SCFA in the intestine, regulating the rapid production of chemokines and cytokines. May also play a role in the resolution of the inflammatory response and control chemotaxis in neutrophils. In addition to SCFAs, may also be activated by the extracellular lectin FCN1 in a process leading to activation of monocytes and inducing the secretion of interleukin-8/IL-8 in response to the presence of microbes
Its activation results in the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, the mobilization of intracellular calcium, the phosphorylation of the MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2 kinases and the inhibition of intracellular cAMP accumulation. May play a role in glucose homeostasis by regulating the secretion of GLP-1, in response to short-chain fatty acids accumulating in the intestine. May also regulate the production of LEP/Leptin, a hormone acting on the central nervous system to inhibit food intake. Finally, may also regulate whole-body energy homeostasis through adipogenesis regulating both differentiation and lipid storage of adipocytes. In parallel to its role in energy homeostasis, may also mediate the activation of the inflammatory and immune responses by SCFA in the intestine, regulating the rapid production of chemokines and cytokines. May also play a role in the resolution of the inflammatory response and control chemotaxis in neutrophils. In addition to SCFAs, may also be activated by the extracellular lectin FCN1 in a process leading to activation of monocytes and inducing the secretion of interleukin-8/IL-8 in response to the presence of microbes
GO annotations
all annotations | all molecular function | virus receptor activity | dna binding | rna binding | cytoskeletal motor activity | catalytic activity | gtpase activity | structural molecule activity | transporter activity | cytoskeletal protein binding | lipid binding | cyclase activity | antioxidant activity | oxidoreductase activity | transferase activity | hydrolase activity | lyase activity | isomerase activity | ligase activity | protein tag activity | cargo receptor activity | histone binding | protein folding chaperone | translation regulator activity | nutrient reservoir activity | receptor ligand activity | molecular transducer activity | molecular adaptor activity | toxin activity | cell adhesion mediator activity | molecular function regulator activity | virus coreceptor activity | catalytic activity, acting on a protein | catalytic activity, acting on dna | catalytic activity, acting on rna | molecular carrier activity | transcription regulator activity | general transcription initiation factor activity | molecular sensor activity | molecular sequestering activity | atp-dependent activity | other molecular function | all biological process | mitotic cell cycle | cytokinesis | cytoplasmic translation | immune system process | muscle system process | circulatory system process | renal system process | respiratory system process | carbohydrate metabolic process | generation of precursor metabolites and energy | dna replication | dna repair | dna recombination | chromatin organization | dna-templated transcription | regulation of dna-templated transcription | trna metabolic process | protein folding | protein glycosylation | amino acid metabolic process | modified amino acid metabolic process | lipid metabolic process | vitamin metabolic process | sulfur compound metabolic process | intracellular protein transport | nucleocytoplasmic transport | autophagy | inflammatory response | mitochondrion organization | cytoskeleton organization | microtubule-based movement | peroxisome organization | lysosome organization | chromosome segregation | cell adhesion | establishment or maintenance of cell polarity | programmed cell death | photosynthesis | mrna metabolic process | snrna metabolic process | vesicle-mediated transport | reproductive process | digestive system process | signaling | cell differentiation | protein catabolic process | extracellular matrix organization | regulatory ncrna-mediated gene silencing | telomere organization | cell junction organization | wound healing | ribosome biogenesis | cilium organization | anatomical structure development | cell motility | nervous system process | endocrine process | protein maturation | transmembrane transport | nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process | hepaticobiliary system process | membrane organization | protein-containing complex assembly | cell wall organization or biogenesis | nitrogen cycle metabolic process | protein localization to plasma membrane | defense response to other organism | detoxification | meiotic nuclear division | mitotic nuclear division | mitochondrial gene expression | carbohydrate derivative metabolic process | other biological process | all cellular component | nuclear chromosome | extracellular region | extracellular space | cell wall | nucleus | nuclear envelope | nucleoplasm | chromosome | nucleolus | mitochondrion | lysosome | endosome | vacuole | peroxisome | endoplasmic reticulum | golgi apparatus | lipid droplet | microtubule organizing center | cytosol | ribosome | cytoskeleton | plasma membrane | cilium | plastid | thylakoid | external encapsulating structure | extracellular matrix | cytoplasmic vesicle | organelle | other cellular component | |||
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Keywords
- Molecular function
- Biological process
- Ligand
Enzyme and pathway databases
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameFree fatty acid receptor 2
- Alternative names
Gene names
Organism names
- Organism
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Metazoa > Chordata > Craniata > Vertebrata > Euteleostomi > Mammalia > Eutheria > Euarchontoglires > Glires > Rodentia > Myomorpha > Muroidea > Muridae > Murinae > Rattus
Accessions
- Primary accessionQ76EI6
Proteomes
Organism-specific databases
Subcellular Location
UniProt Annotation
GO Annotation
Cell membrane ; Multi-pass membrane protein
Features
Showing features for topological domain, transmembrane.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topological domain | 1-8 | Extracellular | ||||
Sequence: MTPDWHSS | ||||||
Transmembrane | 9-29 | Helical; Name=1 | ||||
Sequence: LILTAYILIFLTGLPANLLAL | ||||||
Topological domain | 30-43 | Cytoplasmic | ||||
Sequence: RAFVSRVRQPQPAP | ||||||
Transmembrane | 44-64 | Helical; Name=2 | ||||
Sequence: VHILLLNLTLADLLLLLLLPF | ||||||
Topological domain | 65-79 | Extracellular | ||||
Sequence: RIVEAASNFRWYLPK | ||||||
Transmembrane | 80-100 | Helical; Name=3 | ||||
Sequence: IVCALTGFGFYSSIYCSTWLL | ||||||
Topological domain | 101-126 | Cytoplasmic | ||||
Sequence: AGISIERYLGVAFPVQYKLSRRPLYG | ||||||
Transmembrane | 127-147 | Helical; Name=4 | ||||
Sequence: VIAALVAWIMSFGHCTIVIIV | ||||||
Topological domain | 148-184 | Extracellular | ||||
Sequence: QYLNSTEQVGTENQITCYENFTQAQLDVVLPVRLELC | ||||||
Transmembrane | 185-205 | Helical; Name=5 | ||||
Sequence: LVLFFVPMTVTIFCYWRFVWI | ||||||
Topological domain | 206-219 | Cytoplasmic | ||||
Sequence: MLTQPHVGAQRRRR | ||||||
Transmembrane | 220-240 | Helical; Name=6 | ||||
Sequence: AVGLAVVTLLNFLVCFGPYNM | ||||||
Topological domain | 241-255 | Extracellular | ||||
Sequence: SHLVGFHLRQSPSWR | ||||||
Transmembrane | 256-276 | Helical; Name=7 | ||||
Sequence: VEAVVFSSLNASLDPLLFYFS | ||||||
Topological domain | 277-330 | Cytoplasmic | ||||
Sequence: SSVVRRAFGKGLLLLRNPGSSMLGRGAEETVEGTKTDRGGSQTEGAQSSDFVTE |
Keywords
- Cellular component
Phenotypes & Variants
Chemistry
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for chain, glycosylation.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chain | PRO_0000228145 | 1-330 | Free fatty acid receptor 2 | |||
Sequence: MTPDWHSSLILTAYILIFLTGLPANLLALRAFVSRVRQPQPAPVHILLLNLTLADLLLLLLLPFRIVEAASNFRWYLPKIVCALTGFGFYSSIYCSTWLLAGISIERYLGVAFPVQYKLSRRPLYGVIAALVAWIMSFGHCTIVIIVQYLNSTEQVGTENQITCYENFTQAQLDVVLPVRLELCLVLFFVPMTVTIFCYWRFVWIMLTQPHVGAQRRRRAVGLAVVTLLNFLVCFGPYNMSHLVGFHLRQSPSWRVEAVVFSSLNASLDPLLFYFSSSVVRRAFGKGLLLLRNPGSSMLGRGAEETVEGTKTDRGGSQTEGAQSSDFVTE | ||||||
Glycosylation | 151 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine | ||||
Sequence: N | ||||||
Glycosylation | 167 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine | ||||
Sequence: N |
Keywords
- PTM
Proteomic databases
PTM databases
Expression
Tissue specificity
Detected in whole wall and separated mucosa in the distal ileum and colon. Expressed by enteroendocrine cells expressing peptide YY (PYY) (at protein level).
Gene expression databases
Structure
Family & Domains
Features
Showing features for region, compositional bias.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | 300-330 | Disordered | ||||
Sequence: GRGAEETVEGTKTDRGGSQTEGAQSSDFVTE | ||||||
Compositional bias | 312-330 | Polar residues | ||||
Sequence: TDRGGSQTEGAQSSDFVTE |
Sequence similarities
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Keywords
- Domain
Phylogenomic databases
Family and domain databases
Protein family/group databases
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Length330
- Mass (Da)36,994
- Last updated2004-07-05 v1
- ChecksumCF32C5B5D226670B
Features
Showing features for compositional bias.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compositional bias | 312-330 | Polar residues | ||||
Sequence: TDRGGSQTEGAQSSDFVTE |
Keywords
- Technical term
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AB106675 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | BAD02826.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | mRNA |