P47965 · IL10_MERUN
- ProteinInterleukin-10
- GeneIL10
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Amino acids178 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceEvidence at transcript level
- Annotation score3/5
Function
function
Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Interferes also with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their ability to induce T cell activation (By similarity).
In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling (By similarity).
In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling (By similarity).
GO annotations
all annotations | all molecular function | virus receptor activity | dna binding | rna binding | cytoskeletal motor activity | catalytic activity | gtpase activity | structural molecule activity | transporter activity | cytoskeletal protein binding | lipid binding | cyclase activity | antioxidant activity | oxidoreductase activity | transferase activity | hydrolase activity | lyase activity | isomerase activity | ligase activity | protein tag activity | cargo receptor activity | histone binding | protein folding chaperone | translation regulator activity | nutrient reservoir activity | receptor ligand activity | molecular transducer activity | molecular adaptor activity | toxin activity | cell adhesion mediator activity | molecular function regulator activity | virus coreceptor activity | catalytic activity, acting on a protein | catalytic activity, acting on dna | catalytic activity, acting on rna | molecular carrier activity | transcription regulator activity | general transcription initiation factor activity | molecular sensor activity | molecular sequestering activity | atp-dependent activity | other molecular function | all biological process | mitotic cell cycle | cytokinesis | cytoplasmic translation | immune system process | muscle system process | circulatory system process | renal system process | respiratory system process | carbohydrate metabolic process | generation of precursor metabolites and energy | dna replication | dna repair | dna recombination | chromatin organization | dna-templated transcription | regulation of dna-templated transcription | trna metabolic process | protein folding | protein glycosylation | amino acid metabolic process | modified amino acid metabolic process | lipid metabolic process | vitamin metabolic process | sulfur compound metabolic process | intracellular protein transport | nucleocytoplasmic transport | autophagy | inflammatory response | mitochondrion organization | cytoskeleton organization | microtubule-based movement | peroxisome organization | lysosome organization | chromosome segregation | cell adhesion | establishment or maintenance of cell polarity | programmed cell death | photosynthesis | mrna metabolic process | snrna metabolic process | vesicle-mediated transport | reproductive process | digestive system process | signaling | cell differentiation | protein catabolic process | extracellular matrix organization | regulatory ncrna-mediated gene silencing | telomere organization | cell junction organization | wound healing | ribosome biogenesis | cilium organization | anatomical structure development | cell motility | nervous system process | endocrine process | protein maturation | transmembrane transport | nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process | hepaticobiliary system process | membrane organization | protein-containing complex assembly | cell wall organization or biogenesis | nitrogen cycle metabolic process | protein localization to plasma membrane | defense response to other organism | detoxification | meiotic nuclear division | mitotic nuclear division | mitochondrial gene expression | carbohydrate derivative metabolic process | other biological process | all cellular component | nuclear chromosome | extracellular region | extracellular space | cell wall | nucleus | nuclear envelope | nucleoplasm | chromosome | nucleolus | mitochondrion | lysosome | endosome | vacuole | peroxisome | endoplasmic reticulum | golgi apparatus | lipid droplet | microtubule organizing center | cytosol | ribosome | cytoskeleton | plasma membrane | cilium | plastid | thylakoid | external encapsulating structure | extracellular matrix | cytoplasmic vesicle | organelle | other cellular component | |||
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Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Cellular Component | extracellular space | |
Molecular Function | cytokine activity | |
Biological Process | immune response | |
Biological Process | negative regulation of B cell proliferation | |
Biological Process | negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response | |
Biological Process | negative regulation of inflammatory response | |
Biological Process | negative regulation of interleukin-6 production | |
Biological Process | negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis | |
Biological Process | positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process | |
Biological Process | positive regulation of cytokine production | |
Biological Process | positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity | |
Biological Process | positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription | |
Biological Process | response to glucocorticoid | |
Biological Process | response to molecule of bacterial origin |
Keywords
- Molecular function
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameInterleukin-10
- Short namesIL-10
- Alternative names
Gene names
Organism names
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Metazoa > Chordata > Craniata > Vertebrata > Euteleostomi > Mammalia > Eutheria > Euarchontoglires > Glires > Rodentia > Myomorpha > Muroidea > Muridae > Gerbillinae > Meriones
Accessions
- Primary accessionP47965
Subcellular Location
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for signal, chain, disulfide bond, glycosylation.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Signal | 1-18 | |||||
Sequence: MPSSALLYCLILLAGVRP | ||||||
Chain | PRO_0000015366 | 19-178 | Interleukin-10 | |||
Sequence: SRGEYPRNESNCTHFPVSQTHMLRELRAAFSQVKTFFQKKDQLDNILLTDSLQQDFKGYLGCQALSEMIQFYLVEVMPQAENHGPEIKENLNSLGEKLKTLRMQLRRCHRFLPCENKSKAVEQVKNDFNKLQEKGVYKAMNEFDIFINCIEAYMTIKMKS | ||||||
Disulfide bond | 30↔126 | |||||
Sequence: CTHFPVSQTHMLRELRAAFSQVKTFFQKKDQLDNILLTDSLQQDFKGYLGCQALSEMIQFYLVEVMPQAENHGPEIKENLNSLGEKLKTLRMQLRRC | ||||||
Disulfide bond | 80↔132 | |||||
Sequence: CQALSEMIQFYLVEVMPQAENHGPEIKENLNSLGEKLKTLRMQLRRCHRFLPC | ||||||
Glycosylation | 134 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine | ||||
Sequence: N |
Keywords
- PTM
PTM databases
Interaction
Subunit
Homodimer. Interacts with IL10RA and IL10RB.
Structure
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
- Length178
- Mass (Da)20,663
- Last updated1996-02-01 v1
- Checksum13170BB0E75C5FC4