D4AN96 · SWNR_ARTBC
- ProteinOxidoreductase swnR
- GeneswnR
- StatusUniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)
- Amino acids305 (go to sequence)
- Protein existenceInferred from homology
- Annotation score2/5
Function
function
Oxidoreductase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of swainsonine (SW), a cytotoxic fungal alkaloid and a potential cancer therapy drug (PubMed:28381497).
Swainsonine production occurs via a multibranched pathway and is dispensable for fungal colonization of plants and infection of insect hosts (By similarity).
The first step of swainsonine biosynthesis is the production of the precursor pipecolic acid (PA) via conversion of L-lysine (Lys) to 1-piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C) by the aminotransferase swnA, the latter being further reduced to PA by the reductase swnR (By similarity).
The PKS-NRPS hybrid synthetase swnK uptakes and condensates PA and malonyl-CoA with and without skipping of the ketoreductase (KR) domain in order to produce 3 intermediates, 1-oxoindolizidine, (1S)-1-hydroxyindolizin, and (1R)-1-hydroxyindolizine; with the transisomer (1S)-1-hydroxyindolizin being predominant (By similarity).
The terminal thioester reductase (TE) domain of swnK is involved in reduction of the thioester bond to release the intermediate aldehydes (By similarity).
The oxidoreductase swnN could contribute to the reduction of 1-oxoindolizidine to (1S)-1-hydroxyindolizin and (1R)-1-hydroxyindolizine, contributing to the major route of SW production (By similarity).
The dioxygenase swnH2 would be responsible for the oxidization of (1R)-1-hydroxyindolizine into (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxyindolizine and of (1S)-1-hydroxyindolizin to yield both (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxyindolizine and (1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxyindolizine (By similarity).
The dioxygenase swnH1 then performs the conversion of the 1,2-dihydroxyindolizine epimers to SW (By similarity).
Swainsonine production occurs via a multibranched pathway and is dispensable for fungal colonization of plants and infection of insect hosts (By similarity).
The first step of swainsonine biosynthesis is the production of the precursor pipecolic acid (PA) via conversion of L-lysine (Lys) to 1-piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C) by the aminotransferase swnA, the latter being further reduced to PA by the reductase swnR (By similarity).
The PKS-NRPS hybrid synthetase swnK uptakes and condensates PA and malonyl-CoA with and without skipping of the ketoreductase (KR) domain in order to produce 3 intermediates, 1-oxoindolizidine, (1S)-1-hydroxyindolizin, and (1R)-1-hydroxyindolizine; with the transisomer (1S)-1-hydroxyindolizin being predominant (By similarity).
The terminal thioester reductase (TE) domain of swnK is involved in reduction of the thioester bond to release the intermediate aldehydes (By similarity).
The oxidoreductase swnN could contribute to the reduction of 1-oxoindolizidine to (1S)-1-hydroxyindolizin and (1R)-1-hydroxyindolizine, contributing to the major route of SW production (By similarity).
The dioxygenase swnH2 would be responsible for the oxidization of (1R)-1-hydroxyindolizine into (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxyindolizine and of (1S)-1-hydroxyindolizin to yield both (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxyindolizine and (1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxyindolizine (By similarity).
The dioxygenase swnH1 then performs the conversion of the 1,2-dihydroxyindolizine epimers to SW (By similarity).
Catalytic activity
- L-pipecolate + O2 = H+ + H2O2 + L-1-piperideine-6-carboxylateThis reaction proceeds in the backward direction.
Pathway
Mycotoxin biosynthesis.
GO annotations
Aspect | Term | |
---|---|---|
Molecular Function | L-pipecolate oxidase activity |
Keywords
- Molecular function
- Ligand
Enzyme and pathway databases
Names & Taxonomy
Protein names
- Recommended nameOxidoreductase swnR
- EC number
- Alternative names
Gene names
Organism names
- Strain
- Taxonomic lineageEukaryota > Fungi > Dikarya > Ascomycota > Pezizomycotina > Eurotiomycetes > Eurotiomycetidae > Onygenales > Arthrodermataceae > Trichophyton
Accessions
- Primary accessionD4AN96
Proteomes
PTM/Processing
Features
Showing features for chain.
Type | ID | Position(s) | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chain | PRO_0000441187 | 1-305 | Oxidoreductase swnR | |||
Sequence: MKVAIAGYGDLTRYICEEFVQAGHELVILTRSFKPQIESPGISQAITDYTISSLKATLADCEVLISTIGDMSNAYTSVHHTLIQACQESPKCKRFIPAEFAVNIETYPDEPGFYYAIHEPVRETLRNQTNLEWTLVCIGWLADYFVPSKNRYIKDIDECHPINWKANKAVIPGTGNEPVDFTWARDVAKGLASLIQAPTGSWEPYTFMSGERSCWNDMAALIKEKYRPDMPIEHVSLHATANMIKAAKDEDTLILADYYLLSISQACAIPQDKAKAHKEKFFPHIHFRTLREGLSQFDEKPNSIM |
Structure
Sequence
- Sequence statusComplete
- Length305
- Mass (Da)34,471
- Last updated2010-05-18 v1
- ChecksumBB673F39871C6C8F
Keywords
- Technical term
Sequence databases
Nucleotide Sequence | Protein Sequence | Molecule Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
ABSU01000003 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | EFE35657.1 EMBL· GenBank· DDBJ | Genomic DNA |